Introduction

This chapter is devoted to the review of existing theoretical and empirical literature related to this study. The review will focus on the following sub-headings. Theoretical frameworks, empirical review and summary of literature review.

2.1    Theoretical Framework

There are many theories guiding this study, but firstly used is person-centered theory.

2.1.1 Carl Rogers Person-Centered Theory

This theory focuses on the human interaction between the counselor and the client. Rogers (1980) called it the Person-Centered Theory in order to suggest that his principles extended beyond the client-therapist relationship to encompass all human interaction. The current person-centered theory is understood as a process of helping clients discover new and more satisfying personal meanings about themselves and the world they inhabits.

The students will drive towards growth, health and adjustment (Makunde, 1984). The model assumed that human interaction is only possible when certain conditions prevail. In case of guidance and counseling, these conditions should prevail in the counselors-client orientation.

According to Omulema (2000), these conditions include counselor’s demonstration of empathy, unconditional positive regard and warmth to the client. He notes that growth occurs in an acceptance, warm, empathetic, non-judgmental environment that allows students, the freedom to explore their thoughts and feelings and to solve their own problems.

Guidance and counseling that lack these characteristics may not arrest in prompting study habits. When a counselor, those helped will become less defensive and more open to themselves and their world and they will behave in more social and constructive ways.

Many students’ habour feelings of failure in academics and this have low-self esteem, but a counselors is able to counter the feelings by working towards fostering the student’s capacity to hope and believe that they are capable of overcoming academic failures, they are experiencing and even end up performing their best potentialities.

A conducive environment should be provided and teachers should provide a room for self-actualization by being friendly, loving, competent and responsible.

Teacher counselor should also help the student set goals and allows positive self-recognition after attaining set goals and aspirations that will boats success in academic performance. Therefore, a god environment should be created by teacher counselor.

2.1.2 Social Learning Theory

Learning is a process where behaviours are learnt or acquired from the environment. One way of learning is through social observation and imitation. This theory is advanced by Albert Bandima (1986). This theory explains delinquency as a behaviour learnt through the complex process of socialization. The theory postulates that the behaviour is reflective of people observing and imitating others and imaging the consequence of their own behaviour.   

1. 1. This material content is developed to serve as a GUIDE for students to conduct academic research work
2. 2. As a source for additional understanding of the subject.
3. 3. As a source for ideas for your own research work (if properly referenced).
4. 4. For PROPER paraphrasing (see your university definition of plagiarism and acceptable paraphrase)
5. 5. Direct citing (if referenced properly)
Thank you so much for your respect to the authors copyright.