CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     Rationale:

At the 2001 Special Session of the UN General Assembly on AIDS, 189 nations agreed that AIDS was a national and international development issue of the highest priority [1]. Between December 2005 and March 2006, UNAIDS compiled data from reports obtained from 126 countries on HIV/AIDS prevalence. In sub-Saharan Africa a mature epidemic continues to ravage beyond limits that many experts believed impossible. Also, relatively new but rapidly growing epidemics in regions such as Eastern Europe and South-East Asia that may come to rival that of sub-Saharan Africa in scope, had erupted [2]. 

Over time diverse clinical approaches to the issue of HIV/AIDS have been employed to seek to proffer possible solutions to the threat. Progress in this regard has been slow and far in between but has given birth to some palliative measures which include the introduction of the Highly Active Anti-retroviral Therapy (HAART). However, the results have not actually shown an easy and comprehensive solution due to the rapid mutative genetic nature of the virus [3]. 

Much research has been and is still on, on this subject with a cure not yet in view. The choice to approach it via the vehicle of surface thermodynamics against the conventional clinical methods is a novel one. The optimism stems from the great successes recorded with this approach in related areas of biology and medicine. The role of surface properties in various biological processes is now well established. In particular, interfacial tensions have been shown to play an important, if not crucial role in phenomena as diverse as the critical closing and opening of vessels in the microcirculation, cell adhesion, protein adsorption, antigen-antibody interactions, and phagocytosis [4].       

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