CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY

Topographical survey constitute of a very important tool, enabling the platform upon which the design, and implementation of most physical and infrastructural development on the surface of the earth were based.

The production of topographical plans as a type of geographical document is characterized by small or large scaled detailed and qualitative representation of relief using contour line. Hence both man-made and natural feature can be properly and adequately depicted in a topographical plan.

The increased advancement in digital surveying technology based on the use of modern sophisticated computers and digital survey  equipments and the  availability of new tools had transformed topographical map production from the traditional and conventional techniques into digital techniques. Currently, the availability of fast computer and digital data acquisition technology and digital data processing along with information presentation technology have brought a revolution into map making through the GIS application. And these make decision making easy and faster.

The invent of GIS database (which is flexible and versatile) is necessary to meet the need of the fast growing economic situation that demand more effective and efficient decision making in land use and general urban planning system. Hence in achieving such an accurate and versatile database of any information system, its design (model) and implementation must be handled with proper care and high integrity, in order to provide the user with refined, accurate and adequate information. Queries can be formulated by the users such as queries of the information system that answers to his or her questions, provided by the information has to be presented to him or her either graphically or in alpha numeric format.

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