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» Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are companies whose headcount or turnover falls below certain limits. The definitions change over time and depend, to a large extent, on a country’s level of development. Thus, what is considered small in a developed country like the USA could actually be classified as large in a developing country like Nigeria? However, the definition of MSMEs in ...Continue Reading »
85 pages | 551 engagements |
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» Nigeria is Africa’s most populous country with 124 million inhabitants in 1999 and has the potential to become Africa’s economic powerhouse. However, to achieve this potential role Nigeria still faces numerous challenges. To its merit, Nigeria now has taken a number of these challenges head on and is trying to establish itself both as a participatory democracy and a market based econom...Continue Reading »
85 pages | 565 engagements |
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» ABSTRACT This paper addresses the problem of identifying the relevant issues associated with the kind of rights held in landed resources in development projects dealing with livestock and range management in sub Saharan Africa. There is increasing pressure for the livestock sector to contribute more to national economies as mounting evidence indicates a growing problem of food shortfalls on the co...Continue Reading »
85 pages | 535 engagements |
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» The Nigerian cocoa economy has a rich history which is well documented in literature. The contributions of cocoa to the nation’s economic development are vast and have been reported by many authors. In terms of foreign exchange earnings, no single agricultural export commodity has earned more than cocoa. With respect to employment, the cocoa sub sector still offers quite a sizeable number of...Continue Reading »
85 pages | 753 engagements |
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» The broadening of the concept of economic development to include equity measures, such as employment and income distribution in addition to the conventional out pit measures, is now firmly established. This changing focus has been hastened by the advent of the Green Revolution which, although it has undoubtedly contributed to increased output in many countries, 1as often had an adverse effect on e...Continue Reading »
76 pages | 583 engagements |
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» Agriculture was the backbone of the Nigerian economy at Independence in 1960 and immediately after. It provided employment to over 75% of the population; more than 70% of total food consumed in the country; raw materials for its agro based industry, as well as export earnings to finance imports (Reynolds, 1966; Alamu, 1981). Ilugbuhi (1968) noted that “peasant agricultural production for exp...Continue Reading »
85 pages | 558 engagements |
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» The bedrock of agriculture and agricultural development in developing countries of sub Saharan Africa is rural development, without which all efforts at agricultural development will be futile. A large majority of the farmers operate at the subsistence, smallholder level, with intensive agriculture being uncommon. A characteristic feature of the agricultural production system in such countries, Ni...Continue Reading »
76 pages | 704 engagements |
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» The Niger Delta is a vast flood plain endowed with forests and wetlands that are built up by the accumulation of secondary deposits washed down by the Niger and Benue Rivers. The area is composed of four (4) ecological zones. These are: · The Coastal barrier islands: The coastal barrier island forests are the smallest of the ecological zones in the Niger Delta. They are largely intact and h...Continue Reading »
85 pages | 538 engagements |
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» The soils of the Abakaliki area are low in fertility. The soils have been noted to be acidic, low in organic matter status, caption exchange capacity and other essential nutrients, (Emoezor et al., 1988, Asadu and Akamigbo, 1990, Nnabude and Mbagwu 1999 and Ogbodo and Nnabude, 2004). The use of organic amendments could be a viable means of improving the productivity of the soils. Recycling of crop...Continue Reading »
76 pages | 572 engagements |
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» Public sector dominated agricultural economies in sub Saharan Africa (SSA), especially those like Tanzania, have taken a U turn. Structural adjustment programmes (SAPs) with their market determined prices and resource allocation, economic liberalization, and privatization have all addressed prevalent economic distortions and inefficiency. Exchange rate adjustments and reduced intermediary profits,...Continue Reading »
85 pages | 524 engagements |
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» Rice is the most important cereal in the world after wheat and more than half of the human race needs rice as a source of calories (wakatsuki et al, 2004). It is the leading cereal crop of the south East Asia which constitutes a thick population region of the world (Mani et al, 2007). Africa accounts for only about 2% of worlds output of rice. Rice is produced in the middle belt, south East and so...Continue Reading »
85 pages | 577 engagements |
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» Livestock is one of the fastest growing agricultural sub sectors in developing countries with Agricultural Gross Domestic Product of 33 per cent and is rapidly increasing. Livestock products contribute 17 per cent to kilo calorie (a non S.I unit of energy equal to 100 calories) consumption and 33 per cent to protein consumption globally, but there is large discrepancy between rich and poor countri...Continue Reading »
85 pages | 755 engagements |
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» Maize (Zea mays L.) is a member of the grass family (gramineae). It originated from South and Central America. It was introduced to West Africa by the Portuguese in the 10th century. Maize is one of the most important grains in Nigeria, not only on the basis of the number of farmers that engaged in its cultivation, but also in its economic value. Maize is a major important cereal being cultivated ...Continue Reading »
85 pages | 1,668 engagements |
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» Though women compose between 60 and 80 percent of the labour force in peasant agriculture (FAO, 1983), they have little or no access to productive resources, especially land and credit. However, where they have access, they lack ability to demand and take control of these resources. Thus, the possibility for them to perform their pivotal role in alleviating poverty and food insecurity because of t...Continue Reading »
85 pages | 537 engagements |
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» Cocoa has been a leading agricultural export commodity and major source of foreign exchange earnings and economic development in Nigeria over time (Olayide, 1969; Olayide & Olatunbosun, 1972; Olayemi, 1973; Ajayi & Oyejide, 1974; Abang, 1984; Olalekun, 1985; Falekulo, 1985, Abang & Ndifon, 2002; Nkang et al., 2006). As the number one commodity in the agricultural export list in Nigeria...Continue Reading »
76 pages | 582 engagements |
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» It has become a cliché to say that Brazil and China are rising powers in international development and that debates on development and aid can no longer overlook their roles. Their growing presence and influence in Africa has attracted much attention from the development community, press and social scientists and is leading to a quickly expanding body of literature, most notably on China (C...Continue Reading »
76 pages | 565 engagements |
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» Investment is the process of adding to capital (Arene and Okpukpara, 2006). Lack of capital has been implicated as the major sustenance of the vicious circle of poverty. This is due to its negative effect on production capacity. In developing countries, national income is low; hence savings and investment are low. Low investment translates to low capital stock, low productivity and low output as w...Continue Reading »
85 pages | -1 engagements |
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» The economic development of Africa, more than any other region, depends on development of the agricultural and agro industry sectors, which are fundamentally affected by productivity of land resources. This is particularly true for sub Saharan Africa. Agriculture accounts for more than 25% of the gross domestic product (GDP) of most African countries, and is the main source of income and employmen...Continue Reading »
85 pages | 565 engagements |
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» No other continent at present is so closely identified with smallholding peasant farming as Africa. The centrality of peasants in both the academic and policy oriented literature on Africa belies the marginality of African peasants in the terms that really matter, namely their capability to achieve self destiny. This chapter could have been aptly titled, ‘African Peasants in the World Econom...Continue Reading »
76 pages | 500 engagements |
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» Some of our readers, after assimilating the message contained in the Editorial of the last issue of our journal (Discovery and Innovation, Vol. 15 Number 1/2, pp. 1 7), “Surprises, scientific charm, socio economic potential, and possibilities in the mushroom world”, wrote back, excited. One asked for more information on the Chinese mushroom farming experience with a view to exploring h...Continue Reading »
85 pages | 558 engagements |