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» ABSTRACT The nutritional proximate composition; elemental minerals, and phytochemical contents of wild (cyperus rotundus) and cultivated (cyperus esculentus) species of Tigernuts, was investigated in Calabar in 2018. The iwld and cultivated species of Tigernuts were sourced from the Botanical garden in the University of Calabar. Elemental minerals, nutrient proximate compositions and phytochemical...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 242 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION In recent times, the GPR is fast becoming the preferred method in geophysical methods used in hydrological studies. It is an electromagnetic method that detects interfaces between subsurface materials with differences in dielectric constants. The GPR measures changes in the electromagnetic properties of sediments that cause reflection of electromagnetic energy. The GPR...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 297 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of study Sweet potato (Ipomoeabatatas (L) lam) is grown in more than 100 countries in tropical, subtropical and temperate climate. It ranks as the world’s seventh most important crop, with an estimated annual production of approximately 122 million metric tons Sweet potato is a major staple food in African, Asia the Caribbean and South America, where t...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 259 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION The human immune deficiency viruses (HIV) are two species of lentivirus (a sub group of retrovirus) that causes HIV infection and over time acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). AIDS is a condition in humans in which progressive failure of the immune system allow life threatening opportunistic infection and cancers to thrive.(UNAIDS and WHO, 2007). Two types of HIV h...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 271 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Cultural practices have evolved from indigenous knowledge and it practice preceded all allopathic or modern medicine throughout the world. Stimulated by instinct, taste and experience, early man and women treated illness by using plants, animal parts and minerals. In developing country like Nigeria, studies have shown that over 70% of the populace s...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 291 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background of the Study National agency for food and drug administration and control (NAFDAC) is a federal agency under the Federal Ministry of Health that is responsible for regulating and controlling the manufacture, importation, exportation, advertisement, distribution, sales and use of food, drugs, cosmetics, medical devices, chemicals and packaged water in Nigeria(htt...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 306 engagements |
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» ABSTRACT This study focused on ground penetrating radar (GPR) application in soil conductivity, soil properties and attributes in University Of Calabar Farm. It reveals how (GPR) can be used to identify various soil conductivity and soil properties. This study also reveals that (GPR) methods hold promise for improved characteristics and monitoring of the subsurface. This study will review several ...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 261 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Mycotoxins occurring in food commodities are secondary metabolites of filamentous fungi, which can contaminate many types of food crops throughout the food chain (Reddy et al., 2010). Although, hundreds of fungal toxins are known, a limited number of toxins are generally considered to play important roles in food safety (Shephard, 2008; Reddy et al., 2010). Fungal toxins o...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 315 engagements |
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50 pages | 252 engagements |
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» ABSTRACT Comparative bacteriological quality and heavy metal levels of fresh chevon from abattoirs in Calabar municipality, Cross River State, Nigeria was carried out using standard microbiological, biochemical and physico chemical techniques. This was to determine the bacteriological quality of fresh chevon from different abattoirs in Calabar Municipality, to determine the physico chemical conten...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 242 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 What is Molybdenum? Molybdenum is obtained from Molybdenite MoS2, Wulfenite PbMoO4, PowelliteCa (Mo, W)O4. Its crustal abundance is estimated to be around 1.5 mg/kg or less where an estimate of 1.4 mg/kg is for the upper crust and 0.6 mg/kg is for the lower crust. There are seven naturally occurring stable isotopes: 92Mo, 94Mo, 95MO, 96Mo, 97Mo, 98Mo and 100Mo of which...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 270 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Medicinal plants, also called medicinal herbs have been discovered and used in traditional medicine practices since prehistoric times. Plants synthesize hundreds of chemical compounds for functions including defence again insects, fungi, diseases and herbivorous mammals. The World Health Organization estimates that some 80 percent of the world&r...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 272 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of study Pollutants are contaminants that gets introduced into the natural environment beyond permitted limits and adversely affect wildlife and impact human health. This may include Land, Water, Air, Radioactive, Thermal, Light and Sound pollution. Even low levels of pollutants in the environment pose a risk due to potential accumulation at higher trophic l...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 300 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background of study Plant extract or secondary metabolites have served as antioxidants in phytotherapeutic medicine for the treatment of various diseases for centuries (Olabinriet al., 2013). The use of chemicals to control infections associated microorganisms have created more problems rather than addressing them. There are lots of antimicrobial drugs of which some are di...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 253 engagements |
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» ABSTRACT A wide variety of snacks are available in the Nigerian market, however, individuals with health condition are usually limited in their choices due to the high fat, low fibre and nutrient content of most wheat based snacks. This study was designed to formulate nutritionally adequate and acceptable chin chin from indigenous food materials and determine their nutrient composition and sensory...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 240 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background to the Study Infant feeding is essential in the first year of life and a key determinant of child survival and development. Breastfeeding is a universal socio culturally acceptable, nutritious way to feed infants and enhances children immunity (UNAIDS, 2015). However, research indicates that breast milk contributes about 15% of the risk of HIV transmission from ...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 247 engagements |
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» INSTANTLY AVAILABLE 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Water is central to human life and general living. It is essential to all forms of existence, and forms the very breath of life. There is hardly any human endeavour in which water is not involved. There is no substitute for it. Water is one of the most invigorating, soothing, and the most dynamic element of our landscape. It is the blood system of th...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 281 engagements |
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» ABSTRACT This study on “Impact of Agricultural Development Programme on the Economy of Imo State, Nigeria, 1999 2015” examines the viable and sustainable impact of agricultural development in Imo State. Over the years, evidence have shown that, the agricultural sector of the economy has been neglected since the discovery of crude oil deposit in Nigeria. In Imo State, aside from her sma...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 283 engagements |
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» Abstract Increasing drought is one of the most critical challenges facing species and ecosystems worldwide, and improved theory and practices are needed for quantification of species tolerances. Leaf water potential at turgor loss, or wilting (πtlp), is classically recognised as a major physiological determinant of plant water stress response. However, the cellular basis of πtlp and its impo...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 243 engagements |
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» Abstract This paper explores the factors that influence farmers’ decision making in adopting climate change adaptation strategies and how these adaptations impact on farm yields. We employ a simultaneous equations model to investigate the differential effects of adaptation on adapters and non adapters. An endogenous switching mechanism is employed to account for selectivity bias....Continue Reading »
50 pages | 294 engagements |