AbstractIn recent years, there have been numerous studies of the effectiveness of universitytechnology transfer. Such technology transfer mechanisms include licensing agreementsbetween the university and private firms, science parks, incubators, and university-basedstartups. We review and synthesize these papers and present some pointed recommendations onhow to enhance effectiveness. Implementation of these recommendations will depend on themechanisms that universities choose to stress, based on their technology transfer “strategy.” Forexample, institutions that emphasize the entrepreneurial dimension of technology transfer mustaddress skill deficiencies in technology transfer offices, reward systems that are inconsistent withenhanced entrepreneurial activity and the lack of training for faculty members, post-docs, andgraduate students in starting new ventures or interacting with entrepreneurs. We conjecture thatbusiness schools are best positioned to address these skill and educational deficiencies throughthe delivery of targeted programs to technology licensing officers and members of the campus community wishing to launch startup firms.

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