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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study It is believed that God created man in his own image to be in control of the environment and make the best out of it as recorded in the bible (Gen 1:26 31). But man in his search for daily bread, quest for knowledge and materials wealth, has turned round to pollute the beautiful environment. From the earliest times man has been striving to contr...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 204 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of Study Medical clinics consume a lot of energy due to how they are run and the many individuals that utilization them. They are open 24 hours per day; a huge number of workers, patients, and guests possess the structures day to day. Thusly, refined ventilation and cooling (HVAC) frameworks control the temperatures and wind current in the medical clinic...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 1,030 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE 1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1.1 Introduction Architecture and the advancement of technology has led to the recent influx of heavily glazed commercial buildings all over the world of which Nigeria is no exception. The availability and the use of energy in a the building is pivotal to the building’s functionality within the confines of its purpose. However, if energy use in buildin...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 908 engagements |
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» 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Wayfinding was first used by Lynch (1960) where he referred to maps, street numbers, and directional signs etc. as “way finding” devices. His work, which is seen by many as being important in how we understand environments, was based on the concept of spatial orientation and its prerequisite cognitive map. Brandon (2008), describes wayfindin...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 703 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.2 Background of the Study This chapter serves as an introduction to the dissertation. It aims to shed more light on the topic, give a concise problem statement, provide a reasonable scope, state clear aims of the research and also outline why this research is significant in today’s society. Housing provision is one of the major challenges facing mankind in the twen...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 1,005 engagements |
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» 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study The history of daylighting in architecture is punctuated by major developments, such as the discovery of new structural systems which allowed larger openings, and hence better natural lighting. Arguably, however, the one single event which could be considered pivotal, but also detrimental to the role of daylighting in architecture, was the invention of ...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 720 engagements |
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» 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study For many years now, Nigeria has been facing an extreme electricity shortage. This deficiency is multi faceted, with causes that are financial, structural, and socio political, none of which are mutually exclusive. There is insufficient cash generation because of these inefficiencies and the power sector is consequently reliant on fuel subsidies and fund...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 652 engagements |
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» INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Wayfinding systems have been the commonly used strategies to guide people’s orientation and navigation within large and complex institutional and multi level buildings. It is a problem solving process that operates in space and involves spatial organization and/or information (Passini 2002; Timf, 2005; Bianconi and Andreani, 2011). However, many resea...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 479 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study Over the years researches has been carried out on how to improve thermal comfort within spaces and buildings with an emphasis on bioclimatic design principles (Hussaini, 2016), building materials such as double cavity walls (Musa, 2016) and building envelope design (Arowona, 2017), these studies were conducted on institutional typologies suc...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 737 engagements |
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» ABSTRACT Apparently, Nigeria is struggling with the developmental issues of the incessant power outage and lack of energy services. The primary sources of energy for office building are from national grid and gasoline generators. However, the former is not reliable and the latter is unsustainable; hence, the need to explore energy efficiency strategies to cut down the energy demand for cooling off...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 596 engagements |
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» 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of Study Sustainability in Architecture is a concept that is gaining a wide momentum. Several researchers define sustainability in Architecture in several ways. According to Ghani (2012), sustainable architecture involves a combination of aesthetic, environmental, social, political and moral values. It refers to the ability of a society, ecosystem or any such ongoin...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 753 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Physical disability is very unpredictable because once vibrant able bodied person can become physically disabled overnight due to an accident or as a result of the side effect of treatment of an illness (Sadiq, 2014). An estimated 10% of every population is likely to be disabled, and up to one in five of the world’s poorest has a disability (M...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 457 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction The renaissance period led to the invention of printing and the broadening of literacy through distribution of knowledge and ideas and therefore signalled the emergence of libraries. A library is an agency which engages in the collection, preservation and dissemination of recorded or electronic information in the various formats most convenient to its target users (Sal...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 472 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Shapes exist in both organic and geometric forms. Lamp (2016), posits that“shape is defined by closed lines”. Specific shapes evoke associations with everyday experience. Squares for example are symbols of reliability, stability, and symmetry. The circle has specific significance for artists since the Neolithic era. In the Roman peri...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 434 engagements |
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» ABSTRACT Bioclimatic architecture refers to the design of buildings and spaces both interior and exterior, based on local climate, aimed at providing thermal and visual comfort, making use of solar energy and other environmental sources. The aim of this research is to proffer solution to some of the problems of thermal discomfort in academic environment by adopting bioclimatic architecture approac...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 544 engagements |
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» ABSTRACT Thermal comfort is recognized as a key parameter for healthy and productive large workspaces found in office buildings. Achieving occupant's comfort is a priority that has a great effect on energy demand in buildings, particularly in hot climate zones. The study aims at investigating a suitable aspect ratio of building form that will reduce the costly effects of providing thermal comfort ...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 516 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study The autism spectrum is a range of neurodevelopmental conditions generally characterized by difficulties in social interactions and communication, repetitive behaviors, intense interests, and unusual responses to sensory stimuli. It is commonly referred to as autism or, in the context of a professional diagnosis, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (B...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 689 engagements |
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» Abstract One of the most important authentication approaches is the iris recognition system (IRS), which is based on the iris of aperson for the authentication.In this paper, we propose a new iris recognition system using a novel feature extraction method. The proposed method, Neighborhood based Binary Pattern, compares each neighbor of the central pixel withthe next neighbor to encode it by 1 if ...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 451 engagements |
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50 pages | 463 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY In most of the world the term wet space has gone viral. However wet space is also used predominantly when it comes to architectural analysis. (Wikipedia free encyclopedia, 03/09/2015) Wet space usually refers to rooms or spaces containing sanitary fixtures and appliances including bathrooms and en suites, toilets, laundries and kitchen. It has d...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 536 engagements |