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PROJECT TOPIC: CONTRIBUTION OF THE DISABILITY FUND TO THE WELL-BEING OF BENEFICIARIES IN THE EAST AKIM MUNICIPALITY

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CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION

       Background of the study

Disability occurs everywhere in the world but the nature, rate of occurrence and existence may differ from one country to the other. Disability may occur naturally where some people may be born with the condition or will have developed it through aging. In other cases, some may get it from artificial causes such as accidents, wars, and the adverse effects of medication or substance abuse. Almost everyone will be temporarily or permanently impaired at some point in life. Especially those who survive to old age will experience increasing difficulties in their physical and mental functioning. (Ferguson et al., 2001).

Disability comes in different forms and severity. These include speech impairments, hearing loss, sight impairments, behavioural and physical conditions which may occur individually or together with other socio-economic conditions to prevent the individual from enjoying a normal life. Varying degrees of disability are discussed in the literature and these tend to influence the country by country definition of the condition of an individual.

Over/in recent decades, persons with disabilities have formed a movement with other social and health science researchers to identify the role played by social and physical barriers in disability. (Bynoe et al., 1991). These movements have addressed numerous challenges faced by persons with disability on the bases of equality and equity. Countries, in an attempt to address the challenges, have passed laws that protect the right of Persons with Disabilities (PWDs).

In Ghana, the 1992 Constitution has made several and specific provisions that seek to protect and guarantee the rights of persons with disabilities. The Persons with Disability Act, 2006 (ACT 715)

was enacted to ensure total integration of the PWDs into Ghanaian society. The major sections enshrined in this Act addresses the rights of persons with disability to employment, access to education, transportation needs, access to quality healthcare and facilities, and access to many other services which seek to make life as comfortable for them as possible.

Section 10 of the Children’s Act, 1998 (ACT 560) specifically makes provisions for the rights of a disabled child. The Mental Health Act, 2012 (ACT 846), and the National Health Insurance Act, 2012 (ACT 852) all collectively address PWDs with some specific rights and fundamental freedoms (Asante & Sasu, 2015; Manful & McCrystal, 2011; Roberts et al., 2014).


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