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PROJECT TOPIC: MIGRANTS ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES AND THEIR IMPACTS IN THE GHANAIAN ECONOMY: A STUDY OF THE NEW JUABENG MUNICIPALITY

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CHAPTER ONE GENERAL INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

  1. Introduction

Migration is an enduring theme of human history and is considered one of the defining global issues of the twenty-first century. In Ghana, as in other parts of Africa, migration is largely informal and undocumented, making accurate data on the phenomenon extremely scanty. Despite this lack of data, the literature points to a long history of population mobility with migration playing a central role in the livelihood and advancement strategies of both rural  and urban populations Awumbila et al. (2013).

The main aim of national government in developing countries is to reduce poverty among the citizens (Marfaing & Thiel, 2011; Mcnamee, 2012). This requires that national government and their agencies provide employment to the citizens or provide realistic opportunities for the people to employ them. Faced with the problem of unemployment among the citizenry, people themselves try their best to look for employment opportunities in other more privileged and endowed towns and countries in the world. The main reason for this is to make their standard of living better so they could realize their human dignity (Awumbila et al., 2008).

Economic activities benefit households and the macro-economy as a whole. Where as individuals and house holds get food and income for the gratification of their immediate needs, the national economy also benefits from the taxes and surplus food ( Liu, 2010). Economic activities of the citizens in the country can either be in the formal or informal sector (Obeng, 2013). Studies in Ghana has shown that the type of economic activity of the people depends largely on the educational levels of the people (Obeng, 2013; Sun & Heshmati, 2010). Again those engaged in the informal sector activities form the majority in Ghana. These activities are also hampered by competition from their counterparts since entry

is easier (Ho, 2012). There is the need for studies on the activities of immigrants, particularly immigrants operating the informal economy in the New Juaben Municipality, where there is now massive influx in order to have a knowledge of the effects on the economy.

     Problem Statement

Recent studies in Ghana reveal that international migrants in Ghana are also taking over the informal activities of indigenes (IOM, 2014), even though they help the country through taxes. Lower relative prices of their products traded in by emigrants also help Ghanaians improve their standard of living. That not withstanding their competitions with the Ghanaians led to unemployment, reducing their standards of living (Sylvanus, 2009). Related studies are not corned out mainly in the study area, providing gabs in the migration literature.

In West African countries, the most important countries of destination for migrants include Ghana and Nigeria (DRC, 2007). Estimates of the Ghanaian migrant population show a high number (Twum Baah, 2005; Black et al., 2003). However, there is a strong evidence that Ghana also receives immigrants from neighbouring countries in Africa, especially Nigeria (Twum Baah, 2005).

The majority of immigrants to Ghana come from Africa. In 2000, 58.9 per cent of non- Ghanaian residents were nationals from Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) countries, while 23 per cent of immigrants came from African countries outside ECOWAS. According to border statistics from the Ghana Immigration Services, Europeans constituted the largest group of non-African arrivals (15.3%), followed by North Americans (9.7%), from 2000 to 2007 (GIS, 2008).


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