ABSTRACT

Physico-chemical, multivariate and bacteriological analyses were integrated to assess the impact of onsite sanitary sewage and agricultural waste on groundwater quality in Ikem and its environs using Rockworks16, Statgraphics Centurion XVII,  ArcGIS 10.2.2 and Surfer 10.  Results of the physicochemical analysis suggest that groundwater samples in the study area acidic, with very few samples having electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids above WHO standard for drinking water. The abundance of the major ions are in the order  Ca2+˃Mg2+˃K+˃Na+˃ Cl– =P042-  ˃N03–˃HC03–˃S042-. 55% of the stiff plot shows Ca2+–Cl–water type and 45% of the stiff shows Na++K+ –Cl–water type .The dominant hydrochemical facies in the study area are Ca2+-Mg2+-Cl–SO42-(83%) and Na++K+ and S042- + Cl–(17%). Durov and Piper diagrams illustrated that simple mineral dissolution and ion exchange processes are mainly responsible for variation in the hydrogeochemistry. Bacteriological analysis shows that the ground water is contaminated with faecal waste. The principal component analysis, correlation and cluster analysis reflect faecal matter contamination through onsite sanitary sewage system, leaching of agricultural waste into the groundwater and weathering and dissolution of host rocks. Groundwater flow direction is local and controlled by topographic highs, weathering and fracturing of the host rock in the study area

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