CHAPTER ONE

1.1              Introduction

            Literature is a unifying institution of the arts and it makes us understand how people had tamed their past, how they can survive the challenges of the present and thereby plan how future could be won. The word “literature” has different meanings depending on the context of usage. It could be applied broadly to mean any symbolic record, encompassing images, sculptures and letters. In a narrow sense, the term could mean text composed of letters, symbolic written language such as Egyptian hieroglyphs. According to Encyclopedia Britannica (online), the Muslim scholar and philosopher Imam Ja’fa ral Sadiq (702-762 AD) defines literature as “…the garments which one puts on what he says or writes so that it may appear more attractive”.

Also extracted from the Encyclopedia Britannica (online) is another definition given by Panghilito Luigi in which literature is defined as “...a slice of the life that has been given direction and meaning, an artistic interpretation of the world according to the percipient’s point of views”. On the part of Roman Jacobson, a Russian Formalist, literature is defined as “…an organized violence committed on ordinary speech… to be seen in poetry”.

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