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» ABSTRACT This study was carried out to examine the skills required by fish farmers in feed formulation as an enterprise in Nigeria. The specific objectives were to examine the occupational skills required by fish farmers in feed formulation; to examine the impact of occupational skills required by fish farmers in feed formulation on profitable farming; to examine the methods used in fish feed form...Continue Reading »
80 pages | 371 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background to the Study According to the World Bank (2015) and OECD (2013), women as compared to men are a leading portion of the population in many parts of the world including Kenya where they constitute 51% of the entire population (GoK, 2010). It is, therefore, important to recognize their contribution to development through competitive fortitude for resources. Apparen...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 567 engagements |
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» ABSTRACT Aquaculture production is considered the future global solution to declining wild fish capture. However, insufficient production of fish due to lack of affordable quality feeds is a major challenge in aquaculture development. This study investigated the growth performance of fingerlings of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed on experimental diets from sun dried termites (Macrotermes ...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 1,135 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION Fisheries resources are on the reduction in Nigeria due to over exploitation and inadequate management of her coastal waters (Lawson and Olusanya, 2010). For sustainability of these resources, an adequate knowledge of species composition, relative abundance of her water bodies must be understood and actively pursued (Lawson and Olusanya, 2010). Different species in a g...Continue Reading »
50 pages | -1 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE 1.1 INTRODUCTION Aquaculture according to FAO (1997) is defined as the farming of aquatic organisms including fish, molluscs, crustaceans and aquatic plants up to final commercial production in selected or controlled environment....Continue Reading »
50 pages | 1,111 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Generally the female gender in slum settlements has a poor quality of life. The lack of basic services affects them the most. They have tospend considerable time collecting potable water and getting rid of wastewater. Women are most disadvantaged in fishing slums in Nigeria.Combined with a traditional bias or subtle discrimination against the female...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 2,448 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Globally, the fishery industry is significant in improving the economy as livelihoods of millions of people all over the world are dependenton it, especially, fish farming, playing a critical role of gainful employment, food and nutrition security for households (Green facts, 2008).Regrettably, Nigeria is not producing enough fish for consumpti...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 1,115 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Global marine fisheries not only face over fishing, pollution and other anthropogenic impacts, but also climate change (Halpern et al., 2008;Pauly et al., 2002). Climate change is the most widespread anthropogenic threat for ocean ecosystems (Halpern et al., 2008), causing sea level rise, sea temperature change, ocean acidification, changes in preci...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 565 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Fresh fish rapidly deteriorates unless some way can be found to preserve it. Drying is a method of food preservation that works by removing water from the food, which inhibits the growth of microorganisms. Open air drying using sun and wind has been practiced since ancient times to preserve food. Water is usually removed by evaporation (air dryi...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 1,375 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION The story of aquaculture in Nigeria is essentially the story of catfish culture and the hope of fish supply in Nigeria hang on its development and culture. Recent trends all over the world, point to a decline in landing from capture fisheries, an indicator that fish stocks have approached or even exceeded the point of maximum sustainable yield. Aquaculture therefore remain...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 795 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONEINTRODUCTION1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDYSediment is the loose sand, silt and other soil particlesthat settle at the bottom of the body of water (USEPA, 2002). It can come from soil erosion or from decomposition of plants and animals. Wind, water andice help to carry these particles to rivers, lakes andstreams.Sediments near urban areas commonly contain high levels of contaminants (Lamber...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 754 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDYThe African catfish Clarias gariepinus is a major warm water species in Africa (Ghana, Ethiopia, Egypt, Mali and Nigeria) and Asia (Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand) and has been introduced recently in Europe (the Netherland, Germany and Belgium) Latin America (Brazil) (Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO, 1997; Ali, 2001). The superi...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 1,643 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE1.0 INTRODUCTION1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDYAfrica is blessed with a lot of inland water bodies. These aquatic ecosystems could be lagoons, creeks, rivers, streams e.t.c. which play important role in the socio economic lives of the riverine populace. The inhabitant of these areas depends on these water bodies as a source of livelihood, recreation among other things (Ndimele et al., 2011a...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 727 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDYAlthough biologist have been studying the effects of human activities on aquatic systems and its effects on fish production for decades, their findings have only relatively recently being translated into methods suitable for monitoring the quality of water bodies. Mostly, bio indicators such as benthic macro invertebrates, phytoplankton and zo...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 1,141 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION1.1BACKGROUND OF THE STDUYWater is a finite resource that is very essential for the human existence, agriculture and industry thus, inadequate quantity and quality of water have serious impact on sustainable development. In developing countries such as Nigeria, people have little or no option but to accept water sources of doubtful quality, due to lack of better alternative...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 782 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONEINTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDYThe contamination of freshwaters with a wide range of pollutants has become a matter of great concern over the last few decades. Heavy metals are natural trace components of the aquatic environment, but their levels have increased due to domestic, industrial, mining and agricultural activities (Kalay and Canli, 2000). Trace metals in natural water...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 767 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Freshwater capture fisheries in the Lower River Niger Basin provide 47 to 80% of the animal protein consumed, as well as livelihood opportunities on a large scale for the neighboring settlements. However in absence of a solid estimate of the total economic value of these fisheries, their importance remains very poorly recognized by institutions ...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 603 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Aquaculture of tilapias provides a classic example of a success story of a species group outside its natural range of distribution. The group currently contributes about 3.8 percent to the cultured fish and shellfish production of about 40 million tonnes globally (FAO FishStat, 2002). The current aquaculture production of tilapias in 2002 is abo...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 520 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Global demand for mud crabs has risen over the past decade, led by expanding wealthier markets such as those in Asia, America and parts of Africa. This demand has largely been met by exploitation of wild stocks, causing many to go into decline. Current trends in these fisheries suggest this exploitation is unsustainable. This situation continues...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 595 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Population Genetics of aquatic species focuses on describing the genetic differences between populations of fish, between the individuals within the same population and between fish in aquaculture. For example, a brown trout from one part of Nigeria does usually not have the same genetic fingerprint (DNA profile) as a brown trout from another pa...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 704 engagements |