CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  Background of the Study

          The purpose of the project was to review the etiology of sports hooliganism in the Ishielu/Ezza North constituency. The concern was predicated upon the the observation that while the standard of performance has improved tremendously, the level of sportsmanship has declined considerably, due to the high ranking of sports hooliganism in the above constituency, which has brought disrepute to the game of football especially in Ishielu/Ezza North constituency. It is also obvious to sports hooliganism the way media reports label indiscipline in sports/sports violence on daily basis. Debendotte (1988) observed that sports hooliganism or violence is a serious problem in view of the numerous cases of sports riots and public disturbances among secondary schools. The great sociologist Eridunming (1999) notes that hooliganism and violence remain a crucial social issue in modern sports because sports are activities designed to create tension, violent ambition, aggression rather than relieving or discharging it, so that sports will be patriarchal phenomena in the society, and not a conflict between each other. Adbal (1989) emphasized winning syndrome as the major problem that deprived youths of the pleasure to participate in sports, because the issue of sportsmanship seems to be something of the past. Although all are not the fact because sports hooliganism is often not always experienced or accepted. Therefore, there are issue prejudicial to the spirit of fair play that is directly associated with sports. This has caused a lot of damage to Ishielu/Ezza North constituency. They are winning syndrome, poor officiating, reward, politics, poor preparation, ignorance, vengeance, inherent, fanatism, and others.   Some of the above were experienced during the competition organized for some secondary schools during their inter-house sports activities. Even the constituency the tournament played in 2007 and 2008 among the secondary schools was so unfortunate that almost the whole matches were played out of joy as a result of violent behavior during the competition.

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