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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Wax deposition is a common phenomenon that is one of the main flow assurance problems faced by the oil industry, affecting numerous oil companies around the world. Wax deposition can result in the restriction of crude oil flow in the pipeline, creating pressure abnormalities and causing an artificial blockage leading to a reduction or interrupti...Continue Reading »
42 pages | 169 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Transportation is about mobility of people, goods and services. World demand for transport services is growing at alarming rate. For example, global demand for passenger transport service is predicted to grow from 26 trillion passenger kilometers in 1990 to 103 trillion passenger kilometers in 2050 on average (Schafer and Victor, 2017). Unfortun...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 150 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study A Catamaran is a multi hulled watercraft featuring two parallel hulls of equal size. It is a geometry stabilized craft, deriving its stability from its wide beam, rather than from a ballasted keel as with a monohull boat. Catamarans typically have less hull volume, smaller displacement, and shallower draft (draught) than monohulls of comparable ...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 255 engagements |
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» Chapter one Introduction Background of the study Nigeria is one of the landlocked countries within West African Development Community (WADC) that faces challenges in accessing international markets for her import and export traffic. The provision of predictable, competitive and reliable transport services is suggested to be challenged due to physical deficiencies in the rail and road networks as w...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 516 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background to the Study Coronavirus(COVID 19) which was first detected in Wuhan, China, is a respiratory illness that is caused by the SARS CoV 2 virus. This virus was officially announced by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 30th January (World Health Organization, 2020), 2020 as a public health emergency of international concern. The source of coronavirus still...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 313 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Port facility is defined as a specific location in a port where passengers or commodities are transferred between land and water carriers or between two water carriers, including wharves, piers, sheds, warehouses, yards, and docks (USLEGAL, 2018). Ocean water terminals are classified as fixed port facilities, unimproved port facilities, or bare ...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 375 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background to the Study Cabotage is a legislative tool restricting access or reserving maritime or aviation trade within a country’s territorial jurisdiction to the local capacities. The Nigerian Maritime and Cabotage was introduced by the Nigerian Government following calls by prominent maritime specialists and operators on the need for government to make concerned ...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 476 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background to the Study Many authorities have contributed immensely to the success of defining public relations. Some scholars believed and wrote on it as act (deed) representative (representing) a group or organization (Adeniran, 2000). Public relations is deliberate planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain mutual understanding between an organizatio...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 404 engagements |
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» Chapter one Introduction 1.1Background of study Maritime Security is one of the latest buzzwords of worldwide relations. Essential actors in maritime policy, ocean governance and global security have in the previous decade started out to include maritime safety in their mandate or reframed their work in such terms. In 2014 the United Kingdom, the European Union as well as the African Union (AU) ha...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 509 engagements |
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» Chapter one Introduction 1.1Background of the study A vessel accident is an unintended happening. Its severity may vary from no vessel damage to the complete loss of the vessel, no cargo damage, to loss of the entire cargo, and no crew injuries to deaths (Talley, Jin, & Kite Powell, 2005). Thus, vessels safety regulations and their enforcement focus on prevention and reduction of severity of m...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 545 engagements |
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» Chapter one Introduction 1.1Background of the study Management of shipping and port activities have been greatly influenced by globalization. The globalization of the world market and tougher international competition and expansion of geographical markets have forced manufacturers to focus on integrated production and transport service standards Seen from this perspective, a port’s role shou...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 398 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Hypertension remains a major global public health challenge that has been identified as the leading risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality (Kearney, Whelton, Reynolds, Muntner, Whelton& He, 2004). It increases hardening of the arteries, thus predisposing individuals to heart diseases, peripheral vascular diseases, stroke, heart failure and kidney failur...Continue Reading »
50 pages | -1 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.0 Background The health conscious world community has come to realize that anaemia, the majority of which is due to iron deficiency, has serious health and functional consequences. And that it is widespread especially among tropical low income populations and that most of its nutritional component is controllable with a very high benefit/cost ratio. Women of reproductive...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 373 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION According to UNAIDS Report (2004), almost five million people became newly infected with HIV in 2003, the greatest number in any one year since the beginning of the epidemic. At the global level, the number of people living with HIV continues to grow – from 35 million in 2001 to 38 million in 2003. In the same year, AIDS killed almost three million; over 20 million h...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 368 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Abortion is the ending of pregnancy by removing a fetus or embryo before it can survive outside the uterus. An abortion which occurs spontaneously is also known as a miscarriage. An abortion may be caused purposely and is then called an induced abortion, or less frequently, "induced miscarriage". The word abortion is often used to mean only indu...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 320 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.0 Background to the Study Healthcare waste threatens the public health due to its contagious nature. Most healthcare facilities are located in the heart of the cities and therefore, healthcare waste that are not correctly managed can cause dangerous infection and pose potential threat to the nearby environment, health workers, patients and to the public (WHO, 2014). Dehg...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 373 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is a leguminious crop with a very vast importance and plays an active role in maintaining the ecosystem, nutrient requirement and the economy of many countries. A considerable amount of cowpea of more than 5.4 million tons are produced in the world annually with Africa producing nearly 5.2 million tons and Nigeria recorded as the greatest pro...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 348 engagements |
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» INTRODUCTION Moving goods and people from one place to another is critical to maintain strong economic and political ties between regions in the same state. With a land area of 910,768 sq. km, population estimate of 150 million people and GDP growth rate of 6% per annum (2006 est), the centrality of effective public transportation in Nigeria is readily seen. Nigeria‘s transportation infrastr...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 410 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Assessment of future trends in aircraft movements and of passengers and freight traffic flows underpin the planning of aviation policies. Generally, the scale of air transport operations has changed out of all recognition since the signature of the Chicago convention at the end of 1944. Scheduled domestic and international air services carried 9 million passengers in 1945;...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 346 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Air cargo handling operations can be described as the provision of logistics in facilitating the carriage of cargo by air. In essence, it entails making available the right and necessary expertise with equipment to perform the right task in a timely, safe, secure and cost effective manner. According to ICAO Doc.9569c. Air cargo handling by air form ...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 472 engagements |