CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the Study

Family planning is a way of thinking and living that is adopted voluntarily, upon the basis of knowledge, attitudes, and responsible decisions by individuals and couples, in order to promote the health and welfare of the family group and thus contribute effectively to the social development of a country (Park, 2013).

The availability of family planning does more than enable women and men to limit family size. It safeguards individual health and rights, and improves the quality of life of couples and their children. Family planning is an important strategy in promoting maternal and child health (Umbeli et al., 2013). It improves health through adequate spacing of births and avoiding pregnancy at high risk maternal ages and parities. The most important proximate determinant of fertility is the use of family planning (Rajaretnam, 2016). Where contraceptive use is widespread fertility is low. Rajaretnam has demonstrated that even if there is no reduction in the family size of individual couples, delaying childbearing will bring about a decline in fertility and population growth rate (Rajaretnam, 2016). Lack of adequate information and ignorance are key factors militating against family planning practice in Nigeria (Adinma, 2015).

Many potential informational barriers exist to contraceptive use. Women must be aware of the methods available, must know where supplies of these methods can be obtained and they must know how to use the method they choose (Chandhick et al., 2013). Each year an estimated 500,000 women die of complications due to pregnancy, childbearing or unsafe abortion (Winikoff, 2017).

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