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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study The construction of dry dock needs to design of the detail and thorough planning, including gate/door design. What distinguishes from other types of the dock is the door that can move freely. The door would close to separate the pool by the beach. After the ship goes into the dock, then the gate/door will be closed by withdrawal. Once the door i...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 208 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study The Nigeria’s pipeline infrastructure has been subjected to incessant attacks by militants and pipeline vandals across the country. The frequency of such attacks has been very alarming which is affecting all fabrics of life and the country’s economy as a whole. This is making investors (domestically & internationally) to be losin...Continue Reading »
70 pages | 693 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE PROBLEM FORMULATION 1.1 Introduction The production of formation sand is a major problem encountered during the production of oil and gas. Over 70 % of the world’s oil and gas reserves sit in sand formations where sand production is likely to become an issue during the life of the well (Osisanya, 2010). Sand production is typical of tertiary formations (with permeability of 0.5 t...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 662 engagements |
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» CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Production optimization identifies the opportunities to increase production and reduce operating costs. The overall goal is to achieve the optimum profitability from the well. To achieve and maintain this, it is essential to evaluate and monitor different sections of the production system including, the wellbore sandface, reservoir, produced fluids, production equipment on s...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 936 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background of the study The Nigerian national petroleum corporation (NNPC) was established on April 1, 1977 as a merger of the Nigerian National Oil Corporation and the Federal Ministry of Mines and Steel. NNPC by law manages the joint venture between the Nigerian federal government and a number of foreign multinational corporations, which include Royal Dutch Shell, A...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 557 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 Introduction Crude oil contains mainly hydrocarbons especially alkanes, naphthenes, and aromatics (Odebunmi and Adeniyi,2004),It contains also some nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur containing compounds along with trace amounts of elements especially nickel, vanadium, titanium, iron, cadmium etc(Odebunmi and Adeniyi,2004; Olajire and Oderinde,1996). Th...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 591 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study An average hydrocarbon field project is expected to move from the exploration stage up until the production stage before abandonment. While still at the production stage, which is the most critical and important stage, it comes to a point where there is a drastic drop in production as the rate fall subsequently. In conventional oil recovery proj...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 836 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONEINTRODUCTION1.1 Background of the StudyIf the heat energy possesses the advantage to be “clean”, free and renewable, then this is probably considered as an adapted potential solution, which answers in even time at an economic pre occupation and ecological problem. Among the main research done, it is found that refrigeration system uses this free and renewable source. Among a...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 376 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONEINTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the StudyA vessel accident is an unintended happening. Its severity may vary from no vessel damage to the complete loss of the vessel, no cargo damage, to loss of the entire cargo, and no crew injuries to deaths (Talley, Jin, & Kite Powell, 2005). Thus, vessels safety regulations and their enforcement focus on prevention and reduction of severity of ma...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 354 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND Long time ago, the culture of gathering wild plants continued in many African communities (Teklehaymanot and Giday, 2010). Many rural communities make good use of wild plants by using them to supplement their diet which is based on rain fed cultivation of staples such as maize, cassava, sorghum, millet and wheat. Different kinds of wild consumable plant ...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 357 engagements |
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» ABSTRACT The technique used worldwide while drilling is known as overbalanced drilling. Which is defined as the drilling process where the hydrostatic pressure used exceeds the formation pressure. This is done with the main purpose of “killing” the well. However, there are numerous problems that accompany overbalanced drilling. Such problems are differential pipe sticking, loss of circ...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 631 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION Porous media refers to a substance that has tiny pores, or air spaces between solid material through which liquid and gas can pass. Examples of naturally occurring porous media include soil, and sometypes of stone, such as pumice and sandstone. Sponges, ceramics, and reticulated foam are also manufactured for use as porous media. The possible applications of these mate...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 564 engagements |
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» ABSTRACT Monitoring and maintenance is a continuous process in the various phases of a well’s life. One of the essential part of monitoring is well testing. Just as a regular medical checkup is advised for humans so is well testing advised for a target formation. Well testing provides a means of obtaining information about the well and the reservoir as well as diagnosing a problem if any is ...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 464 engagements |
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» ABSTRACT The research project is to compare the properties of African pear pulp and its oil using screw press i.e. mechanical method and solvent method using n hexane. The pulp of African pear “Dacryodes Edulis” were evaluated for their oil yield for both methods. The pulp of African pear was dried by frying to a moisture content level of 19.53 %. Then the dried by frying sample was sc...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 421 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Distillation is a unit operation that has been around for a long time and continues to be the primary method of separation in processing plants, in spite of its inherently low thermodynamic efficiency. The pre eminence of distillation for the separation of fluid mixtures is not accidental, but fundamental, and therefore unlikely to be displaced ...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 455 engagements |
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» INTRODUCTION1.1 Background of studyNodal analysis also known as “system analysis” is a systematic procedure/approach applied to the enhancement or optimization of production of oil and gas wells by analyzing and evaluating the complete production system. Every component that constitutes the production system can be optimized to achieve the objective production (flow) rate most economic...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 681 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONEINTRODUCTION1.1 Background of the StudyA floating production storage and offloading vessel (FPSO) is a vessel employed by oil and gas companies to both process and store hydrocarbons in offshore fields. They are made up of two parts: the topside and the hull. The topside produces and off loads crude oil and gas, and the hull, like a big tank, stores the produced oil. (John et al., 2009)...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 487 engagements |
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» INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY A refinery is a production facility composed of a group of chemical engineering unit processes and unit operations refining certain materials or converting raw material into products of value. Oil refining or petroleum refining is an industrial process plant where crude oil is transformed and refined into more useful products such as petroleum naphtha, gaso...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 723 engagements |
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» Maintenance is a function that must be performed under normally adverse circumstances and stress, and its main objective is to rapidly restore the equipment to its operational readiness state using available resources. Nonetheless, the contributing objectives of maintenance engineering include: improve maintenance operations, reduce the amount and frequency of maintenance, reduce the effect of com...Continue Reading »
80 pages | 692 engagements |
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» ABSTRACT Today, Artificial lift optimization has become very important in petroleum industries. A proper lift optimization can reduce cost of production and maximize recovery from the asset. The purpose of artificial lift optimization is to obtain maximum output under specified operating conditions. Optimization of Beam pump and electrical submersible pump is a continuous process and a critical on...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 645 engagements |