TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE ……………………………………………………….……..iCERTIFICATION PAGE …………………………………………………….iiAPPROVAL PAGE…………………………………………………………………..ivDEDICATION ……………………………………………………………..vACKNOWLEDGEMENT …………………………………………….…..viPREFACE ………………………………………………………….……..viiiTABLE OF CONTENTS ……………………………………………..…..xCHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION1.1 Background of the study……………………………………………………..11.2 Statement of Problem……………………………………………………..61.3 Objective of Study…………………………………………….…………..71.4 Significance of Study……………………………………….…..………..81.5 Scope of Study……………………………………………….…………..81.6 Literature Review…………………………………………….…………..91.6.1 Electoral Violence in Nigeria………………..…………………….91.6.2 Political Class and Electoral Violence……………………………121.6.3 Law Enforcement Agencies and Electoral Violence……………131.6.4 The Management of Elections By Electoral Body (INEC) andElectoral Violence……………………………………….…………151.7 Theoretical Perspective………………………………………………….171.8 Hypothesis……………………………………………………..…………..181.9 Methodology………………………………………………………………19

CHAPTER TWO

HISTORY OF ELECTORAL VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA2.1 The TIV Riots of 1960/1964………………………………….……….…202.2 The Federal or General Elections of 1964……………………………..212.3 The Western Election of 1965…………………………………..………232.4 The General Elections of 1983…………………………………………242.5 The General Elections of 1993…………………………………………….252.6 The 1998/1999 General Elections…………………………………….26

CHAPTER THREE

ELECTORAL VIOLENCE DURING GOVERNORSHIP ELECTIONS IN ANAMBRA STATE3.1 Fraud, Intimidation and Violence……………………………….……..283.2 The 1999 Governorship Election: Post Electoral Violence …..…….323.3 The 2003 – 2004 Governorship Election: Post Electoral Violence…333.4 2007 Electoral Violence: Irregularities, Riggings and the Use of Thugs ……………………………………………………………36

CHAPTER FOUR

FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR ELECTORAL VIOLENCEDURING GOVERNORSHIP ELECTION IN ANAMBRA STATE4.1 Poor Management of Electoral Process and Elections by the IndependentNational Electoral Commission (INEC)…………………………..…….384.2 The Inadequacy and the Inability of the Law Enforcement Agents toprovide Security during Elections …………………………………..…..414.3 Scramble for State Resources and Electoral Violence…..…………….43

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS5.1 Summary ……………………………………………………..……………505.2 Conclusion …………………………………………………..…………….515.3 Recommendations…………………………………………….………….52BIBLIOGRAPHY ……………………………………………….……….………55

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