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» Chapter one Introduction Background of the study Intergovernmental relations (IGR) are an integral and pervasive part of modern political systems, of growing importance as complexities of modern governance increase. They have become a notable feature of federal political systems; however, they are an important component of any political system with more than one level of government There is no nec...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 120 engagements |
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» Chapter one Introduction Background of the study Bureaucracy as a system of administration was projected to be the ideal and more efficient system of management in both public and private organizations/institutions. As an ideal model where emphasis is laid on rules, regulation, authority, officialdom and technical qualifications as the criteria for selection into both public and private organizati...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 421 engagements |
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» Chapter one Introduction Background of the study Electoral process is no doubt an institutionalized procedure for the choosing of political Office Holders by qualified adults’ members of a society. Hence, electioneering process exists to· provide the electorate the opportunity and right to choose their representative and maintain contact with them. Therefore, for an electoral system t...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 144 engagements |
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» Chapter one Introduction 1.1Background of the study Political involvement as a part of the college education experience is not something new. Educating citizens for participation in the democracy was a founding principle in the development of universities in the Nigeria. Political involvement, in the form of student activism, has been a part of the history of Nigeria universities since. Nigeria, a...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 271 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study Bureaucracy is a distinctive arrangement used by human beings to organize their activities. The invention of Western bureaucracy several centuries ago helped solve the problem for leaders of governing human systems that grew larger and more complicated with each passing year. The great virtue and probably defining characteristic of bureaucracy, ...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 135 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Nigeria has a long history of conflict among religious and ethnic communities as well as election conflicts. Recently, Nigeria is being attacked by a terrorist group called “Boko Haram”. Boko Haram is a branch of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. It has been active in Nigeria since 2009. The name of the group means "Weste...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 215 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY In Nigeria as in most of the developing world, citizens are often confronted with myriad threats and challenges on their well being and survival. These include poverty, high rates of unemployment, violence, brutality, deprivation of resources, lack of opportunity, marginalization and the denial and suppression of basic rights and freedom. While ...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 195 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.0 Background of the Study From the dawn of the 21st century with a terrible acceleration in recent years, there has been a continued increase in verified reporting of the killings, rapes, mutilations and abductions of Christians in Nigeria. Houses, churches, towns, and agricultural fields are often set on fire during these assaults. In the first six months of 2020, 1,202...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 189 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONEINTRODUCTION Immunity clause provision is not new to Nigerian constitutional documents as it has been existence from inception. Most democratic societies today enjoy constitutional immunity. In this context, immunity can be seen as an exemption that precludes the act of instituting a suit against a person, it is a privilege advantage upon certain persons in the persons in the 1999 const...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 171 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONEBACKGROUND OF THE STUDY1.1 Introduction The topic “The Mass Media and Electoral Process in Nigeria” is as topically relevant as it is worthy of academic and intellectual focus. This is even more so, as emphasis is laid on Nigeria’s nascent democracy relative to its contemporaries of today’s global and modern democratic order. The rationale for a topical discourse...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 170 engagements |
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» SECTION ONE INTRODUCTION1.1 BACKGROUND OF SURE – PThe reduction of fuel subsidy by the federal government on January 2012, as a deliberate policy aimed at conserving and maximizing the oil wealth of Nigeria, generated caries of discontent, fear and worry amongst Nigerians which led to a national strike. In response to the cries of Nigerian’s, the president announced the subsidy reinves...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 154 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONEINTRODUCTION1.1 Background to the Study Over the part few decades, Nigeria have long aspired strenuously for democracy and for an effective electoral process as an integral part for democratic government. This has been so from the 1970’s until the transition to democratic governance in 1999. The electoral process which brought the fourth republic under president Obasanjo were unre...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 142 engagements |
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» Nigeria has since its inception as a nation state witnessed a member of conflicts whose causes are multifarious. The consequences of these conflicts have been enormous. They have drawn the country’s wheel of progress and development back. Religious conflicts have also been recorded in Kano. This conflicts range from intra religious to inter religious. The former is between the fundamental an...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 166 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction to Budget in Nigeria The heightened level of poverty in Nigeria has prepared the ground for people to extensively embark on the act of philosophizing on the roles budgeting play in the National economy, especially as a case of management tool for planning, controlling and decision making. It has become a routine that governments at all level prepare and ap...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 178 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND AND NEED FOR THE STUDY The concept of Intergovernmental relations is associated with states having a Federal Administration system where the relationships between the Federal, Central or National Governmental and major sub national unit (province, region or state) is formally spelt out in the constitution. Intergovernmental relations have been seen as a syst...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 370 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY While in theory the nexus between FDI and growth (in terms of output and productivity) is in general positive, the empirical literature is far less conclusive. Some studies find positive effects from outward FDI for the investing country (Van Pottelsberghe and Lichtenberg, 2001; Nachum et al., 2000), but suggest a potential negative impact from inwa...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 154 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION Public relations is an important subsystem of an organisation and the effective practice of public relations is integrally bound to the health of an organisation. As such, it provides the avenue for the organisation to effectively monitor, interact and react with other key groups within the organisational environment. (Tenchs and Yeoman, 2006). Public relations is thou...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 167 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background to the Study: The Judiciary represents the court system in the land, it symbolizes judges and justice. It is the third arm of any modern government and was popularized by Montesquieu, the French political philosopher and jurist who postulated that there should be separation of judicial duties from legislative and executive functions to forestall tyranny. A court...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 212 engagements |
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» CHAPTR ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The contemporary aids influx from the foreign countries emerged from the economic breakdown of 1930s, which contributed to the world wide economic depression, political extremism and the outbreak of the 2nd world war. Foreign aids are defined as all forms of grants and loans at concessional financial terms that are aimed at transferring resources ...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 171 engagements |
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» GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study In the recent time, there are growing agitations and calls on developing countries to focus their attention on economics education in order for them to turn around the economic status of their various Countries. It is against this background that the various Nigerian governments have been placing emphasis on the acquisition of economic education in ...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 245 engagements |