CHAPTER ONE

1.0     INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

There is evidence that the diabetic intrauterine milieu has adverse consequences for fetal life. Maternal diabetes is characterized by an increased placental transport of glucose and other nutrients from the mother to the fetus, resulting in macrosomia (Freinkel, 1980). However, in severe maternal diabetes complicated by vasculopathy and nephropathy, intra-uterine growth restriction can be present (Van and Holemans, 1998).

Maternal diabetes mellitus can be pregestational or gestational. For pregestational diabetes, type 1 DM can result from the body’s failure to produce enough insulin (WHO, 2014) while type 2 DM begins with insulin resistance, a condition in which cells fail to respond to insulin’s action (WHO, 2014). Gestational diabetes occurs when pregnant women without a previous history of diabetes develop a high blood glucose level (WHO, 2014).

1. 1. This material content is developed to serve as a GUIDE for students to conduct academic research work
2. 2. As a source for additional understanding of the subject.
3. 3. As a source for ideas for your own research work (if properly referenced).
4. 4. For PROPER paraphrasing (see your university definition of plagiarism and acceptable paraphrase)
5. 5. Direct citing (if referenced properly)
Thank you so much for your respect to the authors copyright.