CHAPTER ONE

1.1             INTRODUCTION

The term motivation originated for the latin word “movere” which means to move. This definition however, is too narrow to described because of its vary way in complete process.

Motivation is defined as an individual needs desires and concept that has cause people to act in a particular manner. Motivation has been link with urges, in strict, purposes, goals, desires involving the physiological social aspect of human being. Motivation is necessary in order to stimulate employees to work toward achieving the set objective of the organization.

for many years have sought ways of encouraging the subordinate to work well. The old established way is the reward punishment system of the called “he dorists” whose view of man is a creature whose objective in life are the accent was on punishment, but in more recent times, the reward system has been applied, for example in the form of bonus scheme , profit sharing& merit rating however, during the past four decades, the quest for better ways of motivating people at work has caused some researchers to concentrate on the psychological factor that stimulate worker are developing the incentive of financial reward the choice between financial motivation and psychological motivation has been the subject of much controversy, but one thing is clear, that is dangerous to generate about motivation, various organization to make employees to achieve greater productivity in their work motivation however, is seen as the satisfaction of human needs in his working place with low motivating, factor tends to low productivity.

Some organization are continually faced with the fact that vast difference exist in life performance of group of employees. Vital question, which this research work intend to answers includes the theories of motivation. What is the link between motivation and productivity and concept of motivation?

Motivational techniques are those things management have in use of a tool to motivate their employees. It is imperative to say that any management that refused to use these techniques will at all end of it record high turnover and might eventually give up in the business world.

Productivity is the balance between all factors of production that will give greater output for the smallest effort. Productivity can also be expressed as the ratio of output to input and the most commonly used formula for productivity equal unit of output divide by man hours. But this appears to be over simplified since man hour implies labour of input or resource. It has be observed that workers productivity in Nigeria is affected adversely by on the attitude of average Nigerian workers and the dynamic of social system in which he finds himself.

The concept of motivation in organization has received increased attention in recent years among organization researchers. There are at least three major reason on interest first, the  ever increasing external force of national and international competition, economic, social technological and governmental condition have force management to developed and acquire new techniques and mechanism to increase or at least maintain the level or organization efficiency and effectiveness. This however, requires the effective utilization of all the resources of the organization. i.e financial, physical and human.

Most theories contemporary motivation lists show that one believes money to be unimportant in affecting the behavior of people at work. Instead, there is much evidence to the contrary. Several researches have attempted to list the needs of workers in order of importance and have show that while managers believes their worker consider pay to be of prime importance, the workers themselves sometime place money way down the list below such factor as job security and work which is both interesting and worthwhile. The most importance ways of encouraging people to work well fall into four categories ranging purely monetary inducement to mere enjoyment of working.

 In some organization, because of climate the type of work and tradition, financial incentives may be quite effective in raising productivity while in some as much of the payment may be preferred that retains much of the incentive element, but which offers a stable wage. Such payment known as measured day work obviates many of the difficulties caused by direct incentives of the remaining two categories, one contain the risk element of the carrot and stick management philosophy, relying on the traditional method of supervision cajoling, inducing, encouraging and threateing people achieving their targets. The extreme of the techniques of management ensures that the environment and the job are stimulating in the themselves and therefore external and therefore external incentives are unnecessary because the will to work comes form within the worker. The last approach seems the most attractive because it appeals to human needs, which allow people to do good job and to complete a test because they have the wish to do so and not merely to avoid loss of bonus or the pleasure of their superiors.

1. 1. This material content is developed to serve as a GUIDE for students to conduct academic research work
2. 2. As a source for additional understanding of the subject.
3. 3. As a source for ideas for your own research work (if properly referenced).
4. 4. For PROPER paraphrasing (see your university definition of plagiarism and acceptable paraphrase)
5. 5. Direct citing (if referenced properly)
Thank you so much for your respect to the authors copyright.