CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0 Background to the Study

The continual decline in health and wellness and the potential impact on society, including the economic, social, physical, and emotional perspectives is a concern for health professionals.  Specifically, there are concerns about the lifestyle habits as individuals’ transition through the lifespan from childhood to adulthood. Wellness, especially in adulthood is a much sought phenomena as everyone hopes to grow old and enjoy good health and wellbeing. The place in physical exercises in adult wellness has not been well established. The issue of wellness as a concept has expanded over the last 50 years across disciplines (Miller, 2005). Despite invaluable contributions made to society, added risks to their health have emerged (Vincent and Velkoff, 2010). This includes risk of chronic illness, functional decline, heart disease, and geriatric syndromes threatening the wellness of adults. Wellness was first coined by (Dunn,1973) and is defined as “an integrated method of functioning which is oriented towards maximizing the potential of which the individual is capable”. Wellness is multi-faceted involving six dimensions (i.e physical, occupational, social, spiritual, intellectual and emotional) that are enmeshed, related and when balanced properly provide the individual with optimal health or high-level wellness. Approaches to adult care do not systematically integrate strategies that promote continued growth in adulthood. Physical exercise can prevent or lessen the effects of chronic diseases, improve strength, flexibility, balance, increase life satisfaction, and quality of living among adults.

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