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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study There are 36.7 million (34.0 million – 39.8 million) people estimated to be living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Worldwide in 2015, with 15.7 million and 2 million of these being women and children younger than 15 years of Age respectively, with a global HIV prevalence of 0.8% (WHO, 2015). It has also been established as the lead...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 39 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study Child mortality constitute a major concern of public health as shown by records few years back that the rate of newborn mortality is unacceptably high in developing and under developed countries (USAID, 2009). A recent report by World Health Organization showed that the mortality rate of under five children persists in low and middle income coun...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 42 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study Child delivery is a critical and sensitive stage of pregnancy. The day of delivery is a day when the pregnant woman needs the help of someone to bring forth her child safely. As much as a personnel is needed to help her in delivering safely, place of delivery is also important; Child birth and its process are one of the most significant life eve...Continue Reading »
66 pages | 58 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study Pregnancy and delivery for most women, include physiological and psychosocial changes in the body constituting a major life event. Pregnancy throughout the world is regarded as a perfect normal stage, mile stone to motherhood, and a moment of celebration. However to many, especially in the developing Countries, it is a moment of sadness, pain, d...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 49 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study Pregnancy complication is unpredictable even when it occurs and a major cause of maternal mortality in developing countries where majority of the pregnant women are assisted by Traditional birth attendants during deliveries. (TBAs)(Julia Hussein, 2012) Three quarters of maternal death occurring in developing countries are caused by direct obstet...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 35 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background to the Study Health care providers are at major high risk for contracting blood borne infections during the discharge of their duties in health care facilities now than ever before. Despite the introduction of these preventive procedures in the training of healthcare workers such as nurses, doctors, medical laboratory scientist among others, the possibility of a...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 48 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study There is no one way to parenting. Differences in parenting styles can happen within individual societies as well as between different cultures (Sanders, 2003). For instance, the way parents in the United Kingdom or the United Sates choose to raise their children may differ dramatically from the way parents in Nigeria or Ghana choose to raise the...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 62 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study Globally, hypertension is the third leading risk factor contributing to mortality and morbidity rate, and this is over powered only by malnutrition and smoking.The African continent is undergoing a double burden of disease, with Hypertension among the leading cause of non communicable disease (WHO, 2012). The African region has the highest preva...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 58 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background to the Study The impact of smoking and tobacco use on health cannot be over emphasized. Cigarette smoking remains a gigantic public health problem and is still regarded as one of the leading preventable causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide (Can, Topbas, Ozuna, Ozgun, Can & Yavuzyilmaz, 2009; Mpabulungi & Muula, 2004; Salawu, Danburam, Desalu, Olok...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 51 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study The use of digital technology has developed over the last few decades. The use of these technologies have become very paramount to many of our daily activities which includes but not limited to sending and receiving text messages, emails, relating with friends and loved ones on social media platforms such as Whatsapp, Facebook, and twitter etc. ...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 37 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study Global deaths among infants recorded for a period of four years from 2012 to 2015 showed a marginal improvement towards achieving the target for the Millennium Development Goal four with records of 35 to 32 deaths out of 1,000 live births (United Nations Inter Agency Group, 2015). In spite of efforts made towards infant survival all over the wor...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 35 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background to the Study The impact of smoking and tobacco use on health cannot be over emphasized. Cigarette smoking remains a gigantic public health problem and is still regarded as one of the leading preventable causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide (Can, Topbas, Ozuna, Ozgun, Can & Yavuzyilmaz, 2009; Mpabulungi & Muula, 2004; Salawu, Danburam, Desalu, Olok...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 39 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study Suicide is a multifaceted self annihilating behavior resulting from a complicated interaction of several factors on a personal and environmental level. As a result of a steady rise in suicide rates over the past 50 years, the World Health Organization established suicide as a key global public health concern. Suicide with a worldwide mortality r...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 36 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study Diarrhea is a deadly illness that affects both adults and children. It accounted for 9% of all deaths among children under the age of 5 years in 2015. This percentage of mortality means, over 1,400 young children die every day, or about 530,000 children every year (UNICEF, Diarrhoeal Disease, 2016). The worldwide fight against diarrhea has been ...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 47 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background to the Study Obesity is the result of long term energy imbalances in which daily energy intake exceeds daily energy expenditure. Energy balance is modulated by a myriad of factors, including metabolic rate, appetite, diet, and physical activity. In some instances, endocrine problems, genetic syndromes, and medications can be associated with excessive weight gain...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 42 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Before Healthcare System came into practice, keeping proper records of the daily activities of hospitals, patients’ information, maintenance schedule of equipment in hospitals, as well as the allocation and usage of funds happened to be a difficult and hectic task. This resulted in waste of money, time and manpower. Healthcare System is an inf...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 42 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study Since the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) was first discovered three decades ago, it is estimated that globally approximately 1.8 million adults and children had died of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) related illnesses by the end of 2010 (UNAIDS, 2010). In the same year 2010, it was estimated that there were 34 million people livi...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 38 engagements |
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» INTRODUCTION: Health service research is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Health service is the multi disciplinary field of scientific investigation that studies how social factors, financing system, organizational structures, and process health technologies and personal behavior affect access to health care.(Academy fo...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 38 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION A PHC based health system is an overarching approach to the organization of health systems designed to improve population health and maximize equity. Such an approach makes the right to health a guiding principle of the health system, with the health system structures and functions oriented towards achieving equity in health and social solidarity, based on a core set of pr...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 60 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study Body fluids are liquids originating from inside the bodies of living humans. They include fluids that are excreted or secreted from the body. Human body fluids and other body tissues are widely recognized as vehicles for the transmission of human disease. Body fluid visibly contaminated with blood should be considered capable of transmitting hep...Continue Reading »
66 pages | 43 engagements |