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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Typhoid fever caused by salmonella entericaserotyphi (S. typhi) remains a major health problem globally. It affects about 21.7 million people, with 217,000 deaths occurring worldwide on annual basis (Crump &Minized, 2010). Transmission of the bacterium is mainly through ingestion of faccal contaminated food and water (Gonzalez, Marshall % Gunn, ...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 428 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION Over the last couple of decades, there has been an increasing interest in the promotion of exclusive breastfeeding as the ‘best’ feeding method for newborns. This, to a large extent, has been inspired by mounting scientific evidence on the importance of exclusive breastfeeding in reducing infant morbidity and mortality. In resource limited settings where po...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 366 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Preventive healthcare is especially important given the worldwide rise in prevalence of chronic diseases and deaths from these diseases. There are many methods for prevention of disease. One of them is prevention of teenage smoking through information giving. It is recommended that adults and children aim to visit their doctor for regular check ups, even if they feel healt...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 292 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Tibia plateau is one of the most critical load bearing areas in the human body, fractures of the plateau affect knee alignment, stability and motion. Early detect and appropriated treatment of these fractures are critical for minimizing patient disability and reducing the risk of documented complications, particularly posttraumatic arthritis. Sir Astley cooper first descri...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 180 engagements |
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» Abstract Background: Referral is a crucial component of primary care and when appropriately carried out is believed to result in favourable outcome of illnesses. This study sought to determine the reasons and outcomes of Paediatric (under five) referrals from first level health facilities, and the factors influencing the outcomes.Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out in six ...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 241 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study Health related infections are the major problems of public health in many nations of the world, which ultimately cause an increase in the morbidity, mortality, and additional costs in health care settings (Mauldin et al 2010; Defez et al, 2008 and Llata et al, 2009). Ensuring hand hygiene is therefore one of the basic means preventing the spread...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 450 engagements |
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» Chapter one Introduction 1.1Background of the study The harmattan season occurs from November to early March in the Gulf of Guinea. It is characterized by a very cold–dry (9°C) and dust laden wind, blowing northeast and west off the Sahara desert into the Gulf of Guinea, towards the Caribbean and South America. The harmattan season differs from winter because it is characterized by cold&...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 487 engagements |
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» Chapter one Introduction 1.1Background of the study Family planning is widely acknowledged as an important intervention towards achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) four (4) and five (5) as it has proven to reduce maternal and child mortality. Family planning can prevent unwanted pregnancies and unsafe abortions. Some family planning methods such as condom usage can protect individuals fr...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 543 engagements |
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» Chapter one Introduction Background of the study Health services are judged to be unsatisfactory and inadequate in meeting the needs and demands of the public as reflected by the poor state of health of the population (FMOH, 1998). It is realistic to argue that some of the deaths and serious illnesses which occur among Nigerians are due to conditions which are easily preventable with simple remedi...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 256 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1. Background to the Study Adolescents constitute an important proportion of the population of Nigeria, they are classified by WHO to be individuals within the ages of 10 to 19 years (Patton et al., 2009). It is a delicate stage that presents with challenges especially that of sexual and reproductive health due to the developmental changes (Bankole, et al., 2006). It is im...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 625 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Immunization remains one of the most cost effective public health strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with vaccine preventable diseases. Routine Immunization (RI) has contributed immensely to significant reduction in mortality from these vaccine preventable diseases among children. Globally, it is estimated that about two to ...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 354 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background to the study By definition, pollution is destructive—a lot of something in an inappropriate spot. In fitting amounts, some past poisons are advantageous. Phosphates and other plant supplements are basic to amphibian life; a lot of these supplements, nonetheless, and eutrophication results. Carbon dioxide in the environment assists keep the earth sufficient...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 323 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY The global impact of corona virus has been well documented. This outbreak was deemed a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11th March 2020. As at December 2020, there have been cases confirmed in over 203 countries, areas or territories, according to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2020). The outbreak of this virus in Nigeria brou...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 288 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY Coronavirus pandemic 2019 (COVID 19) is the latest infectious disease to develop rapidly worldwide (Van Doremalen, 2020), to the extent of a severe global pandemic [McDowel, 2020]. The etiologic agent of COVID 19 is the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV 2), which emerged in Wuhan, China [WHO, 2020]. The outbreak of coronaviru...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 303 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.0 Background The health conscious world community has come to realize that anaemia, the majority of which is due to iron deficiency, has serious health and functional consequences. And that it is widespread especially among tropical low income populations and that most of its nutritional component is controllable with a very high benefit/cost ratio. Women of reproductive...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 345 engagements |
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» FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH INCOMPLETE IMMUNISATION OF CHILDREN AGED 9 23 MONTHS IN RURAL AREAS...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 450 engagements |
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50 pages | 209 engagements |
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» ABSTRACT Urinary schistosomiasis and Salmonella bacteraemia are increasing health burdens among African children. This study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasisand its co infection with Salmonella species amongst pupils in Jaba LGA, Kaduna State, Nigeria. A total of 505 pupils voluntarily participated in the study.Ten (10) ml urine and 2ml blood samples were collected ...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 464 engagements |
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» ABSTRACT Pre eclampsia has remained a significant public health threat in both developed and developing countries contributing to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality globally (Shah et al.,2009; Magee et al., 2014). It is a disorder of pregnancy characterized by the onset of high blood pressure and often a significant amount of protein in the urine (proteinuria), which begins after 20 we...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 432 engagements |
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» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Before the mid 19th century, surgical patients commonly developed postoperative “irritative fever” followed by purulent discharge from their incision, overwhelming sepsis and often death. It was not until the late 1860s, after Joseph Lister introduced the principles of antisepsis that postoperative infection morbidity decreased substantially. Among surgical pat...Continue Reading »
50 pages | 345 engagements |