CHAPTER ONE

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Staphylococcus aureus a member of staphylococcaceae is considered as an opportunistic pathogen for the different mammals including livestock as well as humans (Lowy1998, projan and novick, 1995). It has been reported that staphylococcus aureus is resistance against varies antibiotics present in the market (Lowy, 1998; walsh and bowe, 2002). this bacterial strain word widely known for causing many of the severe and deadly disease like osteomyelitis bacteremia , endocarditic, meningitis, scalded skin syndrome, toxic shock syndrome, food poisoning, etc( Lowy, 1998; drekema et al ., 2001 ). It is the primary cause of lower respiratory tract infections surgical site infection (Richard, et al., 1993) and the second leading of nosocomial  bacteremia (wisplinghoff et al ., 2004) pneumonia, and cardiovascular infections (Richard et al., 1993). Beside these disease, it is also found on the skin of the human beings and causing major problems like pimples, sour throat, hair follicle infection, acne, and sties (a sty is an inflammation of a gland in the eyelid). It is also causes boils, which are deeper pus-filled abscesses of the skin and underlying tissue (freeman-cook and freeman-cook, 2006 Carleton et al., 2004; king et al., 2006). In common with other facultative aerobes, staphylococcus aureus can grow in the absence of oxygen either by fermentation or by using an alternative terminal electron acceptor, such as nitrate.

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