General Aim of the Study

The aim of the study was to determine the effects of betaine and ascorbic acid on biomarkers of heat stress in broiler chickens during the hot-dry season in Zaria, Nigeria.

1.5         Objectives of the Study

The specific objectives of the study were to determine:

a.   Cloacal temperature (CT), erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF) and serum biomarkers of oxidative stress [malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)] of broiler chickens during the hot-dry season.

b. Effects of betaine, ascorbic acid and their co-administration on the CT, EOF and biomarkers of oxidative stress (MDA, SOD and GPx) broiler chickens during the hot-dry season.

1.6         Statement of Research Hypotheses (H1)

a. H1: Heat stress alters CT, EOF and some biomarkers of heat stress (MDA, SOD and GPx) in broiler chickens during the hot-dry season.

b. H1: Administration of betaine and ascorbic acid, either singly or in combination, alters CT, EOF and some biomarkers of heat stress (MDA, SOD and GPx) in broiler chickens exposed to heat stress during the hot-dry season.

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