CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1         Back ground of the Study

Mastitis is an inflammation of the udder resulting in an enlarged quarter or quarters with a physical, chemical and bacteriological changes in milk and pathological changes in the udder (Blowey, 1999; Radostits et al 2000; Sharma, 2007). Mastitis is probably the most important and influential single health disorder affecting milk production in dairy farms. It is the disease thataffects the dairy industry globally and causes significant economic losses. In the United State of America, the resulting loss due to mastitis in dairy industry is about of $ 2 billion annually (Gruet et al., 2001; Hobletet al., 1991). The severe economic losses are due to reduced milkyield; milk quality and early culling of severely affected animals. Also, colossal amounts are expended in antibiotic treatment of mastitis and veterinary services are wasted and economic losses are incurreddue to mortality of young animals (Gruet et al., 2001; Hoblet et al., 1991).

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