CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Mosquitoes are insects belonging to the Phylum Arthropoda and Order Diptera. (Service, 1980; Cantwell, 2010). There are 3,100 known species of mosquitoes belonging to 35 genera which are further arranged into three sub-families. (Service, 1980). The distribution and population density of adult mosquitoes depend on a number of factors. These factors include, the behavioural patterns of the species, the prevailing climatic conditions of the area, the availability of breeding sites (i.e habitats) and food sources (Gilles and Warrel, 1993).

Mosquitoes are best known for their role in the transmission of diseases to man deepening on number of factors. Some of these factors are the vector potency of the arthropod in the replication of parasites within its body cavity as well as its ability to transmit the parasite to human during blood meal. Prevailing climatic conditions of the area as well as availability of breeding sites which enhances mosquitoes abilty to survive, breed and reproduce favourably (WHO, 2005a).

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