CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Paint is a fluid, or semi-fluid material which may be applied to surfaces in relatively thin layers, and which changes to a solid coating with time.  The coating with time.  The change to a solid material may or may not be reversible, and may occur by evaporation of solvent by chemical reaction, or by a combination of the two.

Paints usually consist of vehicle or binder, a pigment which contributes obscurities colour, hardness and bulk to the film, and a solvent or thinner which controls the consistency.

Paint is basically classified into two, which are gloss paint and emulsion paint.

 GLOSS PAINTS (OIL-BASED PAINTS)

These are paints that may be classified according to whether the drying mechanism is predominantly solvent evaporation, oxidation or some chemical reaction.  Gloss paints which dry essentially by solvent evaporation, reply on a fairly hard resin as the vehicle.

Paints which dry by oxidation, the vehicle is usually an oil or an oil-based varnish, these usually contains driers to accelerate the drying of the oil.  Paint based essentially on oil with suitable pigment such as titanium dioxide, extenders, and usually zinc – oxide and white lead, are conventional outside ho use paints because these materials give the combination. Of  properties which meet this requirement .

EMULSION PAINTS (WATER- BASED PAINTS)

These are paints with water – soluble vehicle and they includes, calcimines, in which the vehicle is glue and case – in paints, in which the vehicles is casein or soyabean protein.

This project research study is directed towards producing and formulating of emulsion paint (water –thinned paint) from local pigments and extenders as raw materials.  The high demand for emulsion paint for protective and decorative purposes has encourage the development of different equipments for the manufacturing operation.

This piece of research work is due to reducing the high cost of emulsion paint formulation and production, because of the imported raw materials.  (E.g Titanium dioxide), and thereby disclosing a local raw material from our natural domin which could also be used for the same purpose.  An example of this locally obtained raw material for emulsion paint production is calcium carbonate in the form of calcite and dolomite.

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