CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Candidiasis (Plate 1.1) is a diverse group of infections caused by members of the genus Candida, especially Candida albicans(Havlickova et al., 2008). These organisms typically infect the skin, nails, mucous membranes and gastrointestinal tract when natural resistance to its overgrowthis reduced. Cutaneous and mucosal manifestations of candidiasis can be divided into several distinct clinical syndromes. Thirty years ago, superficial fungal infections were common, but systemic fungal infections were not as frequent as today (Achkar and Fries, 2010). The incidence of superficial and systemic fungal infection has been increasing because of the increasing incidence of severe diseases (e.g. malignancies or HIV-infection) or immunosuppressant therapies (systemic steroids or chemotherapy) (Havlickova et al., 2008). Epidermophyton floccosum (Plate 1.2) on the other hand contain a number of species from three different genera (Durdu et al., 2017) which invade the keratinized layers of skin, hair and nail causing infections known as dermatophytosis (Peter et al, 2010). Dermatophyte infections are frequently encountered and are responsible for 90% of the dermatophyte infections in Britain (Peter et al.,2010). In experiments designed to extend the original finding of (Longbottom and Pepys, 1964)with the dermatophyte, many skin diseases such as tinea and ringworm caused by dermatophytes exist in tropical and semitropical areas.

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