CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Neuro-pharmacological agents induce changes in the function of cells of the nervous system. However, nervous system is the most important physiological part that differentiate human from other species. Disorders of nervous system function may lead to malfunction of other systems, which are the major concern to human society, and a field in which pharmacological intervention plays a key role. Drugs acting on the central nervous system (CNS) were among the first to be discovered by primitive humans and are still the most widely used group of pharmacological agents (Nicoll, 2007). Plant products or extract may produce similar pharmacological activity with orthodox medicine on CNS. However, substances that can be able to act on CNS may selectively relieve pain, depression, anxiety, insomnia and other neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders (Pandy et al., 2012). Herbalists use leaves, flowers, stem and root barks of plants to prevent, relieve and treat illnesses and also to improve one’s sense of wellbeing, but the mechanisms by which herbal medicine acts in the CNS have not been elucidated. However, herbal medicines are believed to be more potent, safe and affordable.

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