CHAPTER ONE

 INTRODUCTION

1. Background Of The Study

E-governance has become a popular focus of government efforts in many countries around the world. More governments have implemented and introduced e-governance as a means of reducing costs, improving services, saving time and increasing effectiveness and efficiency in the public sector. E-governance has made an essential change in the whole societal structure, values, culture and the ways of conducting business.

The emergence of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) has provided better way for faster and better communication, efficient storage, retrieval and processing of data, exchange and utilization of information to its users, be they individuals, groups, businesses, organizations or governments. With growing computerization and increasing internet connectivity, governments around the world have engaged in the process of developing a wide range of e-governance services by using web-based internet applications. These technological advances have tended to occur at a much slower rate in Nigeria. Government authorities are aiming to meet the rising expectations of citizens for better; more comprehensive services added using innovative information technologies and various service delivery channels.

Over the past few years, advances in the field of network based computing and applications on demand have led to an explosive growth of application models such as cloud computing, software as a service, community network, web store, and so on. As a major application model in the era of the Internet, Cloud Computing has become a significant research topic of the scientific and industrial communities since 2007. Commonly, cloud computing is described as a range of services which are provided by an Internet-based cluster system. Such cluster systems consist of a group of low-cost servers or Personal Computers (PCs), organizing the various resources of the computers according to a certain management strategy, and offering safe, reliable, fast, convenient and transparent services such as data storage, accessing and computing to clients.

Meanwhile, smart phones are considered as the representative for the various mobile devices as they have been connected to the Internet with the rapidly growing wireless network technology. Ubiquity and mobility are two major features.

Mobile cloud computing is a development of mobile computing and an extension to cloud computing. In mobile cloud computing, the previous mobile device-based intensive computing, data storage and mass information processing have been transferred to ’cloud’ and thus the requirements of mobile devices in computing capability and resources have been reduced, so the developing, running, deploying and using mode of mobile applications have been totally changed. On the other hand, the terminals which people used to access and acquire cloud services are suitable for mobile devices like smart phone, PDA, Tablet, and iPad but not restricted to fixed devices (such as PC), which reflects the advantages and original intention of cloud computing. Therefore, from both aspects of mobile computing and cloud computing, the mobile cloud computing is a combination of the two technologies, a development of distributed, grid and centralized algorithms, and have broad prospects for application.

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