CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND In primitive times, men lived more freely with each other, in little groups which later emerged into communities. They did not live in fear of being attacked nor do they think of attacking each other. However, as the population of men grew, men began to scatter and travel to different places and in the course of their movement began to encroach on other peole whom they meet and. Therefore some gathered even due to their evil nature and began to attack fellow men to loot whatever they can lay hold on without suffering to get it. Thus we hear of the bandits in wilderness places. Even the holy bible records that during the time when Saul was pursuing David, the people that gathered unto David were bandits, from which he formed a ferocious group that survived by attacking and looting other tribes. Thus man is faced 2 with the duty of protecting what he treasures as there is bound to be attack or laundering of such treasured goods whatever it is. This has given rise to the idea of security (Adibe, 2005). Even in African societies, we see local chiefs having security men sometimes called royal guards protecting the chief or King from any form of attack. We also see this form of protection wherever there is treasure. Men ensure that their treasure is protected from attack; as such there is a quest in man to protect what he have, knowing well that it is bound to come under attak or looting if not guarded (Wilgersworth, 1987). In modern times, the currency of which activities drives on is information. Information is the bedrock of any moving organization.

The new century with the advancement of technology has come to recognize information as the most treasured facility in any organization or society. Everything thrives on given 3 information. However, while some information is for public consumption, some which are considered sensitive are kept secret or secured as making it public can trigger the downfall of the inventors or people who have such information ( ). With the advancement of time and advancement in technology, man has invented the computer as the best device for storage of information. This information which means a lot to man, while it is for human use is not always allowed to everybody as some of them are meant to be kept secret (Aneke, 2008). These classes of information which are secret, man has come to see that just like men attacked each other in past, is accessed illegally by unauthorized persons. This we see in cases where a person’s account is illegally manipulated without his knowledge. Thus, men have come to invent security measures to curtail such ailment. Take for example in 1994; over a hundred intrusions were made by 4 unidentified hackers into the Rome Laboratory, the U.S. Air Force’s main command and research facility. Using Trojan horse viruses, hackers were able to obtain unrestricted access to Rome’s networking systems and remove traces of their activities ( ).

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