CHAPTER ONE

1. INTRODUCTION

Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cells display uncontrolled growth (division beyond the normal limits), invasion (intrusion on and destruction of adjacent tissues), and sometimes metastasis (spread to other locations in the body via lymph or blood). These three malignant properties of cancers differentiate them from benign tumors, which are self-limited, and do not invade or metastasize. Most cancers form a tumor but some, like leukemia, do not. The branch of medicine concerned with the study, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cancer is oncology.

Nearly all cancers are caused by abnormalities in the genetic material of the transformed cells.[4] These abnormalities may be due to the effects of carcinogens, such as tobacco smoke, radiation, chemicals, or infectious agents. Other cancer-promoting genetic abnormalities may be randomly acquired through errors in DNA replication, or are inherited, and thus present in all cells from birth. The heritability of cancers is usually affected by complex

Genetic abnormalities found in cancer typically affect two general classes of genes. Cancer-promoting oncogenes are typically activated in cancer cells, giving those cells new properties, such as hyperactive growth and division, protection against programmed cell death, loss of respect for normal tissue boundaries, and the ability to become established in diverse tissue environments. Tumor suppressor genes are then inactivated in cancer cells, resulting in the loss of normal functions in those cells, such as accurate DNA replication, control over the cell cycle, orientation and adhesion within tissues, and interaction with protective cells of the immune system. Based on the effect of cancer, the need for online monitoring system comes into existence.

This online cancer monitoring scheme will help the hospital in the following areas.

1. To assist medical organization to maintain concise patients monitoring.  This project is designed to overview how computer can be use to operation in hospital set-up system.  Consequence, this can also serve as aid for computer efficiency designed to carry out administrative job.
2. In the event of huge investment the risk at least will be reduced, this means that when the hospital spends a hug capital to carry out some project, that they will recover the capital with minimum risk.

1. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

By account of history, cancer disease monitoring scheme has been plague by several factors based on the current manual process:

–        File and record are not properly kept.

–        Error are easily made and hardly detected.

–        Information is not well maintained. The sole aim of this project is to reduce to its entirely all these irregularities by the use of computer.

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