1.0   CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Computerized Transport Ticketing and Loading System, CTTLS) is an information system used by transport companies to track the ticket and load record of their passengers. The term information system sometimes refers to a system of persons, data records and activities that process the data and information in an organization, and it includes the organization’s manual and automated processes. It an effective tool in the hand of many organization for proper record keeping.

Transportation is conveyance of people or property from one place to another. Modern commercial transport includes all the means and facilities used in the movement of people or property, and all services involved in the receipt, delivery, and handling of such property. The commercial transport of people is classified as passenger service and that of property as freight service. Transport is one of the largest industries in the world. It becomes increasing important for the transport organization to document all their ticket and load information in case for reference purpose and adequate planning.

The transport industry has sought to standardize loads for efficient handling through different transport media, i.e. road, rail, sea and air–in particular by adopting standard available load capacity through containerization, some load characteristics do not lend themselves readily to containerization or in particular the loading into containers. Thus the potential economies of scale of bulk load transport are difficult to realize. A `container` has prescribed shape and volume upon a given base floor area, along with a maximum loaded weight, and may be physically enclosed with side and end walls and a roof, or some of these may be omitted, with a limiting case of a simple load platform with some tie down and stacking points.

Enclosed containers pose particular loading constraints, since loading from above is precluded by the container roof and apart from curtain-sided variants loading is generally restricted to one narrow end. For example, at one end of the scale, bulk individual loads such as steel girders have hitherto not readily been containerized, not least because of the impracticality hitherto of loading the attendant distributed weight from one end–i.e. the load centre of gravity is difficult to approach with conventional loaders.At another extremity, small unit loads, such as cans of foodstuffs or drink may have to undergo several successive packaging steps, e.g. cartons or crates, stacked upon pallets and shrink wrapped for stability, to fill a container–i.e. they cannot economically be loaded individually, and even when grossed into larger multiple units, these are still much less than an individual container capacity.

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