CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

A geographic information system (GIS) integrates hardware, software, and data for capturing, managing, analyzing, and displaying all forms of geographically referenced information.

GIS allows us to view, understand, question, interpret, and visualize data in many ways that reveal relationships, patterns, and trends in the form of maps, globes, reports, and charts.

A GIS helps you answer questions and solve problems by looking at your data in a way that is quickly understood and easily shared.

Three Views of a GIS

A GIS is most often associated with a map. A map, however, is only one way you can work with geographic data in a GIS, and only one type of product generated by a GIS. A GIS can provide a great deal more problem-solving capabilities than using a simple mapping program or adding data to an online mapping tool (creating a “mash-up”).

A GIS can be viewed in three ways:

1. The Database View: A GIS is a unique kind of database of the world—a geographic database (geodatabase). It is an “Information System for Geography.” Fundamentally, a GIS is based on a structured database that describes the world in geographic terms. The Map View: A GIS is a set of intelligent maps and other views that show features and feature relationships on the earth’s surface. Maps of the underlying geographic information can be constructed and used as “windows into the database” to support queries, analysis, and editing of the information. Learn more.
2. The Model View: A GIS is a set of information transformation tools that derive new geographic datasets from existing datasets. These geoprocessing functions take information from existing datasets, apply analytic functions, and write results into new derived datasets.

Geographic information system (GIS) is a program use in the collection, processing and storing of weather data and information for effective management. The weather station collects the local temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, wind speed, wind direction, and atmospheric pressure every minute.  The collected data are stored in a database to track historical weather patterns. The weather data are processed immediately and visualized on the computer monitor in the Annex during chemical pouring activities..

It is shown that the Geographic system can be an effective tool to track major changes to local weather patterns and predict potential environmental impacts of vapors released during chemical pouring on surrounding areas. Moreover, the local meteorological data collected can be used to conduct the next stage of the research project which is to predict downwind concentrations of vapors using an air pollution dispersion model.

An Geographic System (GIS) is a type of application software that functions as a personal organizer. As an information management tool, a GIS’s purpose is to facilitate the recording, tracking, and management of certain types of information. We offer a number of core services that can automatically be expected as part of our annual management fee but as a rule of thumb, all our services are bespoke to suit your requirements.

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