CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0       Introduction

Throughout the developing world, there is a strong focus on improving information technology. In this view, many believe that the use of information and communication technology (ICT) is a key that can help to address certain problems that required constant attention, like monitoring, controls, security and other commercial businesses. In the early 1940s, computers were used only for calculating and solving of trigonometric problems, as time went on, the use of computers extended to data processing applications, results oriented programs etc (Wikipedia). Today, Information Technology has advanced to the extent that it has made life more comfortable and efficient. The comfort of being able to pay for goods and services from any point of transaction, using mobile payment system has become a vital issue as it saves a lot of time and the risks involved in carrying cash.

Mobile phones can substitute for travel, allow quicker and easier access to information on prices, enable traders to reach wider markets, boost entrepreneurship and generally makes it easier to do business. Mobile phones have become devices for paying merchants, receiving time sensitive information such as stock quotes, and aid in critical business processes in many countries. Mobile Payment System (MPS) is an innovative application on the mobile phone platform that allows a person to initiate a transaction and make a payment using a mobile phone. MPS as an emerging payment system allows commercial transactions to be carried out anytime, anywhere and by anyone with a mobile phone which is a form of payment system that supports the emergence of Cashless economy. Cashless economy is gaining more and more significance nowadays due to the widespread of Point Of Sale (POS) terminals in stores. This payment system is where paper money is replaced with electronic money which is facilitated with the advances in technology. As witnessed in the invention of the internet, the development of electronic account systems and the increasing sophistication in major industries all around the world, paper money (cash payment system) is becoming functionally less important as its functions are been reduced potentially and drastically.

Cash payment system is the popular form of payment with customers as transactions are completed immediately and it can also be used for another transaction, making them a cash-based economy. Payment with cash is simply using physical cash to make payments. This is the most common form of payment prevailing in most developing countries. The majority of African countries still have cash and cheque economies.

1.1       Statement of the Problem

According to Ovia (2002), Nigeria is largely a cash-based economy with large percentage of funds residing outside the banking sector as against the developed world, where the money in circulation is for example 4 percent in US and 9 percent in U.K. Whereas the cash-based economy is characterized by the psychology to physically hold and touch cash, a culture informed by ignorance, illiteracy, and lack of security consciousness and appreciation of the merit of digital payment.

There are so many problems observed that are associated with Nigerian’s cash-based economy, which include:

• Delays in financial transactions which can be caused by queue in the bank or ATM to collect cash.
• Spread of bacteria through handling physical cash
• High rate of crime, illegal drug trade, terrorism, illegal immigration, human trafficking, corruption, due to its cash-based economy. People are always faced with the challenges of violent crimes (insecurity) such as, bank and ATM robberies, store holdups, armed robberies, employee cash theft, armor car heists, kidnap for ransom, and purse snatching as the system of physical cash been used is non-traceable, unaccountable, easy to hide or lose, steal, counterfeit and spend without a trace, as such paper cash has allowed all sorts of criminal activities to thrive.
• Too much cash in circulation which causes inflation to rise, and as inflation rises, it diminishes the purchasing power of consumers, making it undesirable to hold cash.

1. 1. This material content is developed to serve as a GUIDE for students to conduct academic research work
2. 2. As a source for additional understanding of the subject.
3. 3. As a source for ideas for your own research work (if properly referenced).
4. 4. For PROPER paraphrasing (see your university definition of plagiarism and acceptable paraphrase)
5. 5. Direct citing (if referenced properly)
Thank you so much for your respect to the authors copyright.