CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In primitive times, people lived more freely with each other and in groups. They neither lived in fear of being attacked nor thought of attacking one another. However, as population grew, people began to scatter and travel to different places, and in the course of their movement, began to encroach on other people that they met. They also formed groups that sought to attack others and loot whatever they could lay hold on without suffering for it. Therefore, people began to find ways of protecting what they treasure against attack or laundering. This has given rise to the idea of security consciousness (Adibe, 2005).

People ensure that their treasures are protected from attack. As such, there is a quest in man to protect what he has, knowing well that it is bound to come under attack (Dr. Wilgersworth, 1987).

          In modern times, the ‘currency’ on which activities drive is information. Everything thrives on it. The new century, with the advancement of technology, has come to recognize information as the most treasured facility in any organization or society. However, while some information is for public consumption, some that are considered sensitive are kept secret or secured, as making it public can trigger the downfall of its producers or possessors.

          With the advancement of time and technology, man has invented the computer as the best device for the storage of information. Information means a lot to man, and while it is for humans, is not always accessible to everybody as some of them are meant to be kept secret (Aneke, 2008). These secret classes of information, man has come to see, are also accessed illegally by unauthorized persons, just like men attacked each other in the past. An example is a case where a person’s bank account is illegally manipulated without their knowledge. Thus, people have been inventing security measures to curtail such occurrences. For instance, in 1984, over a hundred intrusions were made by unidentified hackers into the Rome Laboratory, the U.S. Air Force’s main command and research facility. Using Trojan Horse viruses, hackers were able to obtain unrestricted access to Rome’s networking system and remove traces of their activities (Neumann, 1989). They were able to obtain classified files like air tasking order systems data and penetrate connected networks of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Goddard Space Flight Center, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, some Defense contractors, and other private sector organizations, by posing as a trusted Rome center user. Now, a technique called Ethical Hack Testing is used to remedy these situations.

Automated Security Lockis a system that enables an authority to control access to areas and resources in a given physical facility or computer-based information system. An access control system, within the field of physical security, is generally seen as the second layer in the security of a physical structure.

Automated lock security simply means the act of protecting something against attack, usually with a key-lock (Demmy, 1989). This is done to avoid the misuse of information relating to people or corporate bodies, protect our computer and data against unauthorized disclosure and modification, and secure the system against viruses and damages that might be caused by external forces.

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