CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1. Background of the Study

Education has one of its basic tasks of training young people to become useful members of the society and this training begins at home in an informal way. The home of the child is the first place he enters as he is born into the world by his or her parents. The home environment means the family background of the child, which includes all the human and material resources present in the home, that affect child’s living such as the parent’s level of education, occupation, social-economic status and the socializing facilities available in the house. Thus the home is the basic in situation for providing the child’s primary socialization and laying the educational foundation for the child upon which the other agents of socialization build. As a result of the great need of training the young people, the government has come into guide and helps the home and schools to achieve this great task by proving the national policy on education which contains the national objectives for education.

The home or the family is the institution the child enters that is to say hat the home is a place where the child’s earliest education and socialization begins. According to Nwachukwu and Agulaana (2022), the home is described as the primary and most important human institution fir the socialization of the child. The child’s experience within the family definitely influences his behaviors; the have provides the child the nature which he or she requires for normal physical cognitive and psycho to social development.

The child usually builds his self image in the home based on the members of the family status in the society. To a large extent, the home being the child’s first part of call in the society constitutes his reference point for evaluating his behavior expectation and performance against that of children from other families. The foundation that is laid for the child in home equips him for the challenges he will face in the future. What the child learns at home and how his family motivated him towards education contributes to the child success or failure in school. Bergin (2021) in his explanation holds that stimulating home environment may teach generalized skill the help children to profit more from school institution that peer from less stimulating environment furthermore, he assert that it is possible that some parents teach their children to value the kind of learning activities the school provide and these enhance their motivation to do the work the school set before them.

Abubakar (2020) opined that which a child receives from his or her parent is most likely to have a highly significant and dominant effect on his or her behavior in his or her later life invariably , what the child learns at home and how his family motivates him towards education contributes to the child’s success or failure at school. The environment plays a very remarkable role in the life of every individual includes his education life.

There are home environmental factors such as:

a. Parents level of educationb. Occupation and socio-economic statusc. Family size and typed. Motivation and possession of certain facilities at home among other influence the student’s academic performance. This study examines some of these factors as they relate to student performance at school.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The country was plagued with legion of problems, which had grossly affected education.  A number of these had reared their ugly heads in the performance of the students in their academic pursuit.  For instance, many families find it extremely difficult to feed well due to their low socio-economic status.  Bread-winners of some families were retrenched indiscriminately hence, the high rate of unemployment which had engulfed the country, thereby making it difficult for many to provide for their children or wards’ educational requirements.

Statics on academic performance of secondary school student has it that there has been a persistence poor performance of secondary school students in internal and external exams students who are exposed to some teaching and learning experience perform differently. It has also been proved by psychologist that a difference in intelligence is not the only factors responsible for the difference in performance of students. Moreover, very scanty attention has been given to most aspects of home background of students like parental level of education, parental occupation, family size and type of family as it affects their academic performance. The problem of this research work, Therefore is to find out the influence of home environment on the academic secondary school students performance of see school students in Kaduna State Nigeria.

1.3 Objectives of the Study The broad objective of this study is to review home factors as determinants of secondary students performance. Other specific objectives includes

i.          To examine whether parent level of education influence secondary school student’s academic performance.

ii.        To determine whether family size influence learner’s academic performance in secondary school.

iii.      To ascertain whether parent occupation affect  student attitude towards education and their academic performance.

iv.      To determine whether parents support and involvement  affects secondary school student’s academic performance.

1.4 Research Question

i.          Does parent level of education influence secondary school student’s academic performance?

ii.        Does family size influence learner’s academic performance in secondary school?

iii.      Does parent occupation type affect  student attitude towards education and their academic performance?

iv.      Does  parents support and involvement  affects secondary school student’s academic performance?

1.5 Significance of the Study

The study will be significant to a number of people-the government, the parents, the teachers, the community or society as well as the students and educational planners, administrators, policy makers and so on. It will be useful to the teachers and school principals to know the areas where the students will need more attention and the causes of their poor performances.  This will then give them ample opportunity to diverse ways to help the students to excel despite the socio-economic constraints. This study will be useful to the government as it exposes the effects of lack of funds and socio-economic constraints on education, and that its survival requires prompt funding.  And unless these problems are identified and decisively addressed, the nation will suffer for it, as the greater percentage of the populace will be illiterates.

The study will be of immense usefulness to the students as it exposes their problems to them so that they can make necessary amends and therefore aspire to perform excellently well in their academic pursuit.  If they know their problems, it will be easier for them to make amendment than a teacher trying to pinpoint the problems for them. The study will be useful to policy makers as it will enable them uplift the socio-economic status of workers so as to improve their living standard.

1.6   Scope of Study

This scope of this study borders on a review home factors as determinants of secondary students performance.review home factors as determinants of secondary The study is however delimited to secondary school  in  Chikun  Local government area in  Kaduna  State.

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