CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1       Background of the Study

Truancy is one of the major antisocial discipline problems among primary school pupils. Cummingham (2015) defined truancy as the absence of a child from school without the knowledge or permission of parents. The child leaves home and pretends to be going to school but he turns away and gets himself involved in other activities. Truancy is stated by Ihedioha (2013) as a conduct disorder and school disruptive behavior problem which is an indication of self-assertion or rebellion traceable to the developmental and psychological problem associated with the child.

School refusal is a situation where a child refuses to attend school even in the face of persuasion and punitive measures from parents and school authorities. The child stays at home without the knowledge of his parents and school administration. This form of truancy is always associated with anxiety, phobia, depression and other psychosocial disorders. School withdrawal as pointed out by Lorain and Austin (2016) occurs when a child is regularly absent from school because the parents intentionally keeps him away from school for their needs and priorities. School absenteeism varies with the level of education. The focus of this study is on the primary school, the sub variables of research related to truancy, school refusal or other studies on the problem of pupils or students missing school for whatever reason will be examined.

1. 1. This material content is developed to serve as a GUIDE for students to conduct academic research work
2. 2. As a source for additional understanding of the subject.
3. 3. As a source for ideas for your own research work (if properly referenced).
4. 4. For PROPER paraphrasing (see your university definition of plagiarism and acceptable paraphrase)
5. 5. Direct citing (if referenced properly)
Thank you so much for your respect to the authors copyright.