CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Administrators of educational institutions have long been aware of the value of the activity of budgeting. Budgeting is a dynamic accounting tool that management has at their disposal for the purpose of allocating resources in the most effective manner possible in the face of limited availability. This is accomplished through the efficient planning, coordination, and control of a company's financial activities. The budgeting process is currently considered the most important instrument in the management toolbox. According to Madumere (2022), budgets are the operational instruments for allocating resources in the economy and for transforming society in line with the goals that have been specified. It is important for the administrators in charge of education to be aware of the proportion of public funds that are set aside for the sector so that they are aware of the precise sum of money at their disposal for the purpose of program design and implementation throughout the relevant time period (Oluwaseun 2022). This suggests that the process of decision-making in any organization, including educational institutions and other training grounds, would be impeded in the absence of budget analysis (Ogunleye 2022).

In the process of the growth of every nation, education, in its role as a tool for change, goes through periodic modifications. The educators are the driving force behind these changes, and they should be adequately compensated and rewarded in a timely manner to motivate them to perform to the best of their abilities.

According to Perrin (2022), the word "baguette" in its original French form was the inspiration for the term "global budget." It was initially used in England to describe the bag or pouch made of white leather that was used by the medieval court of Exchequers to keep its seal. The minister's plan for funding government expenditures eventually became known as the minister's budget; whenever the minister makes his proposal to the parliament, he is referred to "open his budget," which is a word that was first used in 1733 AD.

In recent years, both the public and private sectors of the economy have given new meaning to the function and significance of budgeting, ushering in an era of profound change (Oluwaseun 2022). It is widely acknowledged that budgeting is an important technique for managing organizations, particularly the intricate educational system. There is flexibility in the budget to cover either an annual or biennial term. The evaluation of the contribution to education during the allotted time period would be made possible with the assistance of the analysis.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

According to Ogunleye (2022), knowledge of budget analysis is necessary for education managers, also known as educational planners and administrators, in order for them to be able to execute their jobs effectively. For the year 2011, the budget specifically outlines the percentage of the total state budget that will be allotted to various educational sectors and subsectors. It is not necessary to mention that as of 2011, the Lagos State Government included in its line item budget system an intended expenditure of N52,000,000 (one hundred and fifty two million Naira only) for the operation of each of its sit educational districts, which includes the region that is the subject of this study. According to the second part of this research project, this constitutes 48 percent of the total for the financial year. In the process of analyzing the budget, one of the methods that is frequently used is the calculation of the percentages that each of them constitutes of the overall budget (Oluwaseun 2022). This provides an indication of the effect percentage of any component that is under consideration. Education planners have a challenge when attempting to do cost-benefit analyses on budgets that are inextricably linked to faculty members. This is due to the fact that instructors and workers need to be motivated in order to make the most of the resources that are at their disposal.

In light of this situation, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of school budgeting on teachers performance.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The primary objective of this study is to examine the impact of school budgeting on teachers performance. Specifically, other objectives of this study are:

i.          To determine whether school budgeting impacts teachers attitude to teaching.

ii.        To determine whether school budgeting impacts teachers teaching method.

iii.      To determine whether school budgeting impacts teachers productivity.

iv.      To determine whether school budgeting impacts teachers work ethics.

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

The following research questions will be answered in this study:

i.          Does school budgeting impact teachers attitude to teaching?

ii.        Does school budgeting impact teachers teaching method?

iii.      Does school budgeting impact teachers productivity?

iv.      Does school budgeting impact teachers work ethics?

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study will be greatly significant to the educational sector as the findings of this study will reveal the impact of budgeting on teachers performance thus enabling the policy makers to make effective policies that will be beneficial to teachers.

This study will also be significant to researchers and scholars as this study will serve as a reference point for further studies and future reference.

1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study is focused on the impact of school budgeting on teachers performance. Specifically, this study is focused on determining whether school budgeting impacts teachers attitude to teaching, determining whether school budgeting impacts teachers teaching method, determining whether school budgeting impacts teachers productivity and determining whether school budgeting impacts teachers work ethics.

Teachers of selected secondary schools in Kaduna Metropolis of Kaduna State will serve as the enrolled participants for the survey of this study.

1.7 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

During the course of carrying out the study, the researcher came into a few obstacles, which is to be expected given the human nature of the undertaking. The researcher incurred additional financial expenses and spent additional time sourcing for relevant materials, literature, or information, as well as during the process of data collection, which is why the researcher chose a small sample size. The scarcity of literature on the subject as a result of the nature of the discourse also contributed to the researcher's decision to use a small sample size. In addition, the researcher was involved in a number of other academic activities at the same time that she was conducting her investigation. In addition, because the study instrument was only given to a limited number of respondents to complete, the findings cannot be generalized to secondary schools located in other states. In spite of the constraints that were present during the course of the inquiry, every facet was examined and minimized in order to guarantee the most successful outcomes and the most fruitful study

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