CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background to the Study

An opportunistic Network (OppNet) is a type of Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) and evolution of Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) in which a message can be transferred from source to destination even if a continuous connection from source to destination does not exist at an instance of time. Therefore, it utilizes and relies upon the opportunistic pair-wise contact between nodes in the network. Thus, messages are routed (or forwarded) from one node to another at any point in time they are close enough within the very limited wireless range of each other. This may happen repeatedly so that eventually, the message gets to the destination. Thus, it uses store-carry-forward networking paradigm (C’amara et al., 2011; Musolesi & Mascolo, 2008). Figure 1.1 illustrates how a message is forwarded hop by hop by the relay nodes from a source node to the destination node

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