CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1   Background of the Study

        Transportation is about mobility of people, goods and services. World demand for transport services is growing at alarming rate. For example, global demand for passenger transport service is predicted to grow from 26 trillion passenger kilometers in 1990 to 103 trillion passenger kilometers in 2050 on average (Schafer and Victor, 2017). Unfortunately, the rapid growth in transport demand strains the transport capacity unit as a result of inadequate expansion in transport physical infrastructure.

        Transportation remains the one industry, the ubiquitous wheel that keeps all other elements as well as the entire system in constant motion and it is difficult to conceive of a situation where transport does not play a major role in the life of a nation. Economically, transportation provides and enhances the space, time, quality and utility of goods (Badejo, 2009).

        Consequently, this situation poses capacity crisis, which generates increase in congestion, pollution and safety problems in the system. Expansion of the infrastructure such as building new roads has only a limited role to play in solving the problems (O’Flaherty, 2017). However, what is required to meet the anticipated demand is innovative solution (FTAG, 2001). This means

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