CHAPTER ONEINTRODUCTION1.1 Background of StudyPollution in the marine environment is considered to be one of the major ecological problems of the 21st century maritime industry. The pollution of the any marine environment is liable to cause lethal consequences onto the living conditions of the marine and underwater flora and fauna. A large number of national and international regulations has been set. Besides the international regulations for prevention of marine pollution from vessels, many maritime nations have set forth their own regulations in line with the international regulations.Nowadays, wastewater treatment has become an important issue of modern society. The impact of sewage on marine environment is of great concern. Researching more about wastewater treatment in ship and to find answers to the questions like – what kind of wastewater can be purified on wastewater treatment plant in ship, what are the problems that can be encountered in wastewater treatment plants, which processes of wastewater treatment should be provided, what are obligatory legal standards required for discharging the wastewater into the natural recipient whether it is on the ocean or the Mediterranean sea – is important.In ships, wastewater can be produced on land –based ship facilities (including restaurants, offices, shipyards and washing areas) or can be collected from different vessels (with different wastewater treatment plants onboard or without any kind of wastewater treatment plants onboard). In general, wastewater is divided into sanitary wastewater, industrial wastewater and wastewater from ships (black water –sewage, graywater or ballast water).Sanitary (domestic) wastewater from the ship is usually fecal water from office buildings and other buildings with sewage systems which can be found in the ship including wastewater from showers and canteens (water from cooking, washing dishes, sinks etc.) as well as wastewater from restaurants that can be parts of ship intended for cruise ship passengers, skippers or tourists. The quality of sanitary (domestic) wastewater varies from location to location and quantity is within a narrow range. One of the biggest problems that occur in a narrow coastal area along the coast is the intrusion of salt water (NaCl) into the sewage system. Salt water together with sanitary water goes to a biological wastewater treatment plant situated at the end of sewage system where salt destroys bacteria (biomass) needed for the process of purification. NaCl has a negative impact on the purification process and can cause a delay in the treatment at the concentration is greater than 10 percent. Seawater typically has a salinity of around 35 percent which means that only ¼ salt water is allowed in sewage wastewater treatment plants, of the total incoming wastewater, so the waste water treatment plant can operate normally.

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