CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION

In every society, there must exist some problems. The problem could be in the area of polities, commerce, education, agriculture, communication, housing, transportation, health etc. In order to solve the problems as they exist at a given point in time, Government is always seen providing civil service in response to the existing problems and in order to enhance growth national development and the well being of the people (citizen).

This is necessary because of attempts are not made to address this problems as theY arise, they may generate into uncontrollable stages with the society’s social economic growth and development endangered. (Okole and Ona 2009). For this, the role of civil service is usually very pervasive and dominated particularly in developing nation like Nigeria will a very weak private sector (Ikelebe 2012).

For instance, it is the role of civil service that determine the development and the level of provision of service for economic activities, the level of industrialization, the level of security, Attainment of education, employment opportunity, the availability of health facilities, the level of social and economic inequality etc. Fundamentally, a civil service is a Government organ at achieving certain desired goals or objectives (Ikelogbe 2010). In the presence of a given societal problem, public polity guides and determines present and future public decisions as well as private individual or private business institutional actions, decisions or behavior. According Aba (2010) civil service roles are made or determined by the legislative and executive arms of Government in both federal state, and local tiers of government.  and implemented by the public bureaucracy or designated private institution. Indeed, every country of world. Public polices are implemented primary by the public bureaucracy and specifically by the career civil servant that work in them.

This role the public bureaucracy plays through the effective implementation of government polices, projects and programme aimed at achieving development goals and objectives.

1.1  Need of the Study

1. Financial Reform: in the wake of the global financial crises, government are proposing and implementing an extensive series of regulations to reform the financial sector. These include new requirement for capital reserves and transparency and for risk management. They also grant significant new inspection and enforcement power to regulatory bodies.
2. Economic Recovery: the government could like to stimulate economic recovery by mobilizing investment in the real economy. Ukpere (2011:112),with public spending constrained, and many banks still in the process of rebuilding their balance sheets. Governments are looking at investor as a potential source of long term finance for example with regard to infrastructure and low carbon innovation.
3. Pattern of Government Decision and Actions: to resolve public problem by serving the public interest.
4. Sustainability: environment, social and government factors climate change, energy, security, human rights, income inequality, international development and water stress are having an increasing impact on the ability of investor to deliver long term returns, Onah (2002) the solution to these rely on resolving both the market and the policy failures at the heart of these problem.

Above all, the need of the study is to promote national development through public policy making and implementation for a better dissemination on the political and economic reforms in developing countries like Nigeria to assist reformers to maneuver within the challenges of the environment context.

1.1  Background of the Study           

In every contemporary world of today, the problem of transacting plans, polices, legislative, executive and judicial order into a concrete action that will lead to the realization of the planned objectives and consequently to national development which will has become increasingly challenging and difficult. Making many development initiative of many nations unrealistic.

These challenges which has be divided many nations across the globe has become increasingly worrisome in the development nations.

According to Theodoulou and Refins (2004:12) put it has the stage in the policy process where by policy action occur to address and recognize national problem or needs: at this stage the design of public policy proposal is put into effect and executed by respective government agencies.

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